tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92215908518537196392024-02-20T13:17:56.057-08:00التربية العلمية وتصميم المناهج د. مجدي رجب إسماعيلد.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.comBlogger50125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-14002016845930063722011-05-04T08:47:00.001-07:002011-05-04T08:47:50.239-07:00مادة العلوم ومفهوم تدريسها بين الايجابيات والسلبيات<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin: 0in 0in 2.6pt; mso-line-height-alt: 9.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">مادة العلوم ومفهوم تدريسها بين الايجابيات والسلبيات</span></u></b><b><u><span dir="ltr" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin: 0in 0in 5.2pt; mso-line-height-alt: 9.4pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>كلمة العلم بصفة عامة تشمل كل ما يمكن إن يصل إليه الفرد الباحث عن طريق التفكير العلمي بمعنى تحديد المشكلات والبحث عن الحقائق ووضع الفروض واختيار صحة هذه</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الفروض والوصول بها إلى نتائج منطقية بدون فرض الرأي الشخصي والتمسك بالرأي الواحد.. يعني الوصول إلى الهدف بالعقل المفتوح والفكر المفتوح والاستعداد لتغيير الحقيقة إذا ثبت أو إذا استجد ما يدل على أنها تحتاج إلى تغيير أو تبديل أو استبدال</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>..<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">هذا هو العلم وسواء كان الوصول في ميدان علوم طبيعية أم ميدان علوم اجتماعية ولكن الاصطلاح الأكثر تحديداً هو إننا - نطلق كلمة علوم بصفة عامة على العلوم الطبيعية التي تتعلق بالظواهر.. كالفيزياء والكيمياء والبيولوجي والفلك والجيولوجيا وكل الجوانب التي تتميز بالنواحي الاجتماعية والإنسانية الأخرى مثل الاقتصاد والاجتماع والفلسفة والانسفلوجيا أننا ننظر إلى العلم وتدريس العلوم ومناهج العلوم بشكل تقليدي بمعنى بعده عن مجالات التخصص فعندما أدخلنا العلوم الحديثة في مدارسنا منذ القرن الماضي فقد دخل في الحسبان التخصص في الدراسات العليا واليوم فنحن لم نعد ننظر للعلوم للتخصص للدراسات العليا لأننا ندرس العلوم في التعليم العام لتكوين المواطن المثقف الذي يفهم عصره ويفهم قيمة العلم في حياة الإنسان وفي حل مشكلات المجتمع وفي تفكيره وفي أسلوب حياته الخاصة والعامة وما إلى ذلك. ما هو الجديد إذن في تدريس العلوم حالياً؟ الجديد هو هذه النظرة الشاملة الجديدة في ضوء تعديل الأهداف لتدريس العلوم وفهم الوظيفة الاجتماعية للعلم وأثرها في تكوين المواطن في اختيار المحتوى للمنهج وأيضاً تختار أساليب التعليم التي تساعد على تحقيق هذه الأهداف التربوية.. نعدل في الكتب المدرسية ونعدل في الوسائل التعليمية ونعدل في طريقة التقويم وطريقة الامتحانات وطريقة اختيار مدى تحقيق الأهداف التي بدأنا بها. فالنظرة الشاملة الجديدة التي نعتبرها أساسا لتطوير تدريس العلوم وهي التي تأخذ منها المجهود الكبير على الصعيد المحلي في كل دولة وعلى صعيد المؤتمرات والحلقات التي تعقد. إذا تناولنا علم مثل الكيمياء أو البايولوجيا مثلاً نجد إن الأسلوب القديم أو التقليدي هو مسايرة علم الكيمياء فكل علم من العلوم له نظام معين وترتيب معين وه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كل معين فنحن في المناهج التقليدية نهتم بالمادة وبالعلم أكثر مما نهتم بالمتعلم.. نهتم بالمادة نفسها وأسلوبها ونظامها سواء كان طفلاً أم شاباً فالمتعلم الذي نعلمه لا نهتم به قدر اهتمامنا بالعلم نفسه ونظام العلم وترتيب العلوم وهذه الأشياء تكون غير مفيدة للطفل نفسه فعندما نعلمه ما هي الكيمياء ونظام الكيمياء مبتدئاً بالذرة والعنصر المركب والمخلوط والفلزات فهو يشعر إن هذا بعيد عن حياته .. إنما عندما نهتم بالمتعلم ونهتم بحاجاته ونهتم بالمجتمع ومشكلاته.. ونبدأ بإثارتها وإثارة اهتمام التلميذ بها.. نبدأ نفكر فيها ونرجع إلى العلم سواء كان كيمياء أم فيزياء أم بيولوجيا أم فلك أم غيره.. نلجأ إلى ما وصل إليه العلم من حقائق ومن تجارب ونلقي الأضواء على المشكلة أو على الموقف والذي يود المتعلم أن يحس به وبذلك يستطيع إن يدرك ثمة علاقة بين الحقائق التي نقدمها له وبين حياته الطبيعية وفي التطبيق كيف يكون في هذه الحياة ويعدل من سلوكه وتتحقق عندنا الأهداف التربوية التي نحن نريدها. ففي البداية كان يتلقى العلم على كره منه وفي الثاني يكون متشوقاً إلا انه يعرف هذه الحقائق لكي يستفيد منها ومن تطبيقاتها في حياته وترسخ معه طول حياته لا ينساها ويستفيد منها ويتوجه سلوكه واتجاهاته العقلية وما إلى ذلك. يقال إن التقدم العلمي هو تقدم سريع وبعض المكتشفات الحديثة أصبحت عبئاً على الطلبة وعلى تدريس العلوم بحيث أصبح الطالب لا يستطيع إن يلاحق كل هذه المكتشفات وكل هذا التقدم.. ما صحة هذا القول؟ الواقع انه كان قديماً يؤخذ عن الفيلسوف في القرون الوسطى في حياته انه كان يستطيع الإلمام بجميع فروع علوم المعرفة في عصره العالم الفيلسوف هو رجل فيلسوف ورياضي وفلكي وأيضا يتحدث عن المادة والتفاعلات التي تحدث وعن ما هو معروف(دائرة معارف مثلاً) ولكن العلم في هذا العصر وبعد الحرب العالمية الثانية أصبح عصرا يتميز بما يسمى بالانفجار في المعرفة فنمو المعرفة نمواً سريعاً ويقال إن كمية المعلومات أو الحقائق تتزايد وتتضاعف كل 15 سنة ولا يمكن أبدا لإنسان فرد إن يلم حتى في تخصصه المحدود بكل الحقائق المتصلة بهذا التخصيص الضيق فما بال كل العلوم ولذلك حتى النظرة إلى المناهج والتعليم أنها يجب إن تتغير في هذا التطور فنحن لا نستطيع إن نعلم التلميذ أو الشباب كل ما هو مستجد في العلم ولابد إن يكون هناك اختيار فماذا نختار؟ فالتفاصيل كثيرة ونحن نركز على الراتجات الحديثة في المفاهيم الكبرى للعلم وتركيزنا على المفاهيم أمر ضروري لكونها تبرز أمثلة عن بعض الحقائق التي توضح معنى هذا المفهوم وتجعل هذا المفهوم ينمو تدريجياً مع المتعلم في مراحل التعليم المختلفة فنحن نعطي للطالب أمثلة عن بعض الحقائق التي توضح معنى هذا المفهوم وهل هذه تكون مهمة وضع المناهج فعلاً؟ نحن نضع المناهج في ضوء هذه المفاهيم المتكاملة مع الربط مع الإلحاح على ربط هذه المفاهيم بالحياة وبالبيئة ومكونات البيئة وأسلوب الحياة في المجتمع وبيئته. وعلى ذلك رغم إن العلم في حقائقه وحدة واحدة في كل بلد من بلدان العالم وفي كل زمان ومكان فتطبيقات هذه الحقائق تختلف حسب البيئة وحسب الظروف والتي ينشأ فيها المتعلم ويتواجد فيها فنحن إذن نريد إيجاد ترابط بين هذه الحقائق وبين تطبيقها في حياته وحتى يبقى لها قوة الفاعلية في توجيه هذه الحياة .. فالعلم سلوك مشبع بالقيم الحقيقية العلمية في حد ذاته لا هي خير ولا هي شر.. هي حقيقة من حقائق العلم.. هي حقيقة مجردة وإنما استخدام هذه الحقيقة يرتبط ارتباطاً بالقيم والسلوك في ضوء هذه الحقيقة مرتبطة بالقيم التي نريد إن نكونها لدى المتعلمين</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin: 0in 0in 5.2pt; mso-line-height-alt: 9.4pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">نقلا عن: ماجدة محمد علي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-54882313248674803272011-04-11T10:02:00.000-07:002011-04-11T10:02:19.884-07:00الاختبارات الدولية الت- timss<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الاختبارات الدولية الت- timss</span></b><br />
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">بدأنا في الفترة الاخيره نسمع عن مصطلح الاختبارات الدولية الـ</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> timss </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وذلك مزامنه مع مشروع تطوير العلوم والرياضيات فما المقصود به؟؟</span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الاتّجاهات في الدراسة العالمية للرّياضيات والعلوم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> (TIMSS):</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">مقدمة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">معناها اللفظي : توجهات الدراسات العالمية للعلوم والرياضيات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span><br />
Trends of the International Mathematics and Science Studies. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وهو مصطلح مختصر لدراسة أجريت عن التوجهات العالمية في العلوم و الرياضيات وهي أداء اختبارات عالمية لتقييم التوجهات في مدى تحصيل الطلاب في العلوم و الرياضيات ويتم تقييم الطلاب في الصفوف الرابع و الثاني المتوسط ( الصف الثامن</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> ) .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وهي دراسة عالمية تهدف إلى التركيز على السياسات والنظم التعليمية، ودراسة فعالية المناهج المطبقة وطرق تدريسها، والتطبيق العملي لها، وتقييم التحصيل وتوفير المعلومات لتحسين تعليم وتعلم الرياضيات والعلوم. وتتم هذه الدراسة تحت إشراف الهيئة الدولية لتقييم التحصيل التربوي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> (IEA).</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ولتحقيق العدالة والموضوعية عند مقارنة بيانات الدول المشاركة، يتم إجراء الاختبار في العلوم والرياضيات في نفس الوقت في كل الدول المشاركة في الدراسة. وقد تم التركيز منذ الدورة الثالثة لاختبارات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">سنة 2003م على الأسئلة التي تقيس قدرة الطالب على التحليل والتفسير وحل المشكلات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ولضمان تحقيق أعلى قدر من الجودة والدقة لاختبارات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">فإنه يتم العمل على أن تتطابق جميع إجراءات الاختبار مع المعايير الموضوعة. وتشمل تلك الإجراءات اختيار عيّنة الطلبة، وترجمة الاختبار، وتصميم كراساته والاستبيانات المصاحبة له وإدارته، وتصحيح الإجابات وتحليل النتائج وإعداد التقارير النهائية، وكذلك تنظيم الدورات التدريبية التي تعقد للقائمين على تنفيذ الإجراءات المذكورة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> . </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ومن خلال تطبيق اختبارات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">يتم جمع مصفوفة بيانات عن البيئة التعليمية والمنزلية التي تؤثر في تعليم وتعلم الرياضيات والعلوم وتنعكس آثارها على معدلات تحصيل الطلبة. إن الدراسة الدولية في الرياضيات والعلوم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> (TIMSS) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">هي دراسة تُجرى على المستوى الدولي وتُعنى بدراسة معارف ومهارات وقدرات الطلاب في الرياضيات والعلوم. وهي تستقصي إنجازات الطلاب في هاتين المادتين في مجموعة من دول العالم . وقد صُممت الدراسة لتقيس الفروق بين النظم التعليمية الوطنية وتفسير هذه الفروق وذلك للمساعدة في تطوير وتحسين تعليم وتعلم الرياضيات والعلوم في جميع أنحاء العالم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كانت ولا تزال العلوم و الرياضيات منذ فترة طويلة بؤرة الدراسات من قبل</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> IEA </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الجمعية الدولية لتقييم التحصيل التربوي</span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">التي مقرها في أمستردام بهولندا ، فلقد أشرفت عبر السنوات الماضية على الكثير من الدراسات التي تتعلق بالعلوم و الرياضيات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ويعود تاريخ إجراء أول دراسة دولية في مادة الرياضيات للعام 1964 وهي الدراسة التي عُرفت باسم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> (FIMS)</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span>، كما تم تقويم أداء الطلاب في مادة العلوم ضمن ست مواد أخرى في عامي 1970-1971 . وظلت كل من الرياضيات والعلوم محل اهتمام وتركيز البحوث التربوية الكبرى التي نُفذت في الأعوام 1980 – 1982 و1983– 1984 على التوالي وفي العام 1983 – 1984 قدمت الدراسات العالمية الثانية للعلوم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> ( SISS ) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">بمشاركة 24 دولة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وفي عام 1990م قرر الاجتماع العام للجمعية الدولية لتقييم التحصيل التربوي القيام بتقويم أداء الطلاب في مادتي الرياضيات والعلوم معاً على نحو دوري كل أربع سنوات. وشكّل ذلك القرار بداية الدراسات الدولية الموسعة لقياس اتجاهات أداء الطلاب ، ليبدأ إجراء الدراسة الدولية في الرياضيات والعلوم المعروفة باسم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> (TIMSS) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">والتي تم تنفيذها لأول مرة في عام 1995م. وتكرر إجراؤها بعد ذلك كل أربع سنوات في عام 1999م ، ثم في عام 2003م ثم وأقيمت آخر مسابقة في أبريل 2007 ، وستعلن النتائج بالتفصيل في شهر يوليو من العام 2008م</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">إن معرفة المزيد حول الممارسات الفعالة في تدريس الرياضيات والعلوم يُعتبر تحدياً مستمراً للتربويين والباحثين. إن الغرض من الدراسة الدولية للرياضيات والعلوم للعام2007م يتمثل في استمرار حصر اتجاهات الإنجازات التي يحققها طلاب الصفين الرابع والثامن في مادتي الرياضيات والعلوم. كما أنها توفر الفرصة للدول الغير مشاركة لجمع بيانات حول هذه الدراسة للمرة الأولى. وقد تم من خلال الدراسة الدولية في الرياضيات والعلوم للعام 2003م تقويم طلاب الصفين الرابع والثامن في مادتي الرياضيات والعلوم. وقامت تلك الدراسة بقياس اتجاهات إنجازات طلاب الصف الثامن للمرة الثانية، واتجاهات إنجازات طلاب الصف الرابع للمرة الأولى منذ 1995م</span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">مشاركة الدول العربية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وقد لوحظ تأخر ترتيب الدول العربية عموما في نتائج هذه التجربة مقارنة مع الدول الأخرى والتي برز منها بتفوق واضح كل من سنغافورا، تايوان، هونج كونج ، الولايات المتحدة ، قبرص وغيرها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">حيث تم تطبيق الدراسة الأولى من</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> "TIMSS" </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">في العام 1995، وبمشاركة دولة عربية واحدة هي الكويت. وفي العام 1999، تم تنفيذ الدراسة بمشاركة ثلاث دول عربية هي الأردن، وتونس، والمغرب</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">في العام 2003، تم تنفيذ دراسة "التوجهات الدولية في الرياضيات والعلوم 2003" وبمشاركة عشر دول عربية، قدم برنامج</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> (UNDP) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تمويلاً لخمس منها وهي: مصر، ولبنان، واليمن، وفلسطين، وسوريا؛ في حين شاركت كل من تونس، والمغرب، والأردن بمنح من البنك الدولي؛ وشاركت كل من السعودية، والبحرين بتمويل خاص منها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">في العام 2007 بدأ تنفيذ الدراسة الدولية الرابعة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> "TIMSS 2007"</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وبمشاركة أكثر من 60 دولة، منها خمس عشرة دولة عربية وهي: مصر، ولبنان، واليمن، وفلسطين، وسوريا، والأردن، والجزائر، وجيبوتي، وتونس، والمغرب، والسعودية، والبحرين، وقطر، وعمان، والكويت</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الفئة المستهدفة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وحتى تكون اختبارات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وما تخلص إليه من نتائج أداة فاعلة لدى مخططي السياسة التربوية وصانعي ومتخذي القرار، فقد اختارت الهيئة الدولية لتقييم التحصيل التربوي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> (IEA) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أن يكون تقييم الطلبة في نهاية الأربع سنوات الأولى، أي في الصف الرابع الابتدائي ثم عند نهاية السنوات الأربع التالية أي في الصف الثاني المتوسط من التعليم النظامي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أهمية الاختبار</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ستمكن اختبارات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">القائمين على التعليم مما يلي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :<br />
1- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الحصول على بيانات شاملة ومقارنة دولياً عن المفاهيم والمواقف التي تعلمها الطلبة في مادتي العلوم والراضيات في الصفين الرابع الابتدائي والثاني المتوسط</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
2- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">القدرة على قياس مدى التقدم في تعليم وتعلم الراضيات والعلوم بالمقارنة مع الدول الأخرى في نفس الوقت</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
3- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">متابعة المؤثرات النسبية للتعليم والتعلم في الصف الرابع الابتدائي ومقارنتها مع تلك المؤثرات في الصف الثاني المتوسط, حيث إن مجموعة التلاميذ الذين يتم اختبارهم في الصف الرابع في دورة ما , يتم اختبارهم في الصف الثامن (الثاني المتوسط ) في الدورة التالية . ( تجرى اختبارات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">دورياً كل 4 سنوات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> ) .<br />
4- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الوصول إلى أهم وأفضل الوسائل المؤدية إلى تعليم أفضل وذلك عبر مقارنة نتائج الاختبارات لدينا مع نتائج الدول الأخرى في سياق السياسات والنظم التعليمية المطبقة والتي تؤدي إلى معدلات تحصيل عالية لدى الطلبة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
* </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أول مسابقة 1995م والثانية 1999م والثالثة 2003 م بمشاركة (51) دولة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> . </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وآخر مسابقة 2007م بمشاركة (67) دولة منها خمس عشرة دولة عربية من بينها خمس من دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">والمسابقة الخامسة ستجرى عام 2011م</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الموقع الرسمي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> : timss . bc . edu </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الهدف من دراسة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الهدف العام من مشروع الـ</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">هو معرفة و مقارنة مستوى أداء تحصيل طلاب الصفين الثامن (الثاني المتوسط) والصف الرابع في العلوم والرياضيات بمستوى الأداء العالمي بغرض تطوير مستوى التعليم للإرتقاء به إلى مستوى الجودة العالمية من خلال مقارنة نتائج تحصيل طلاب بلد ما بطلاب دول العالم المشاركة في هذه المسابقة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">إن الهدف الرئيس من هذه الدراسة هو مقارنة تحصيل الطلبة في العلوم و الرياضيات في أنظمة تربوية متباينة في خلفياتها الثقافية و الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية بهدف التعرف على مستوى التحصيل في تلك الأنظمة ، وقياس مدى تأثير مجموعة من العوامل ذات العلاقة على مستوى التحصيل ، وتطوير الإحصائيات الخاصة بأداء الطلاب في المرحلة التأسيسية في مادتي العلوم والرياضيات ، وكذلك تدريب الكوادر الوطنية في مجال إجراء الاختبارات القياسية وجمع البيانات الخاصة بأداء العملية التعليمية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">فكان لهذه الدراسات ميزات عديدة من بينها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">إعطاء جميع الدول فرصة لقياس التحصيل العلمي في مادتي الرياضيات والعلوم ومقارنته بالدول الأخرى المشاركة في الدراسة عالمياً أو عربياً</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">إمداد كل دولة مشاركة بمصادر ثرية لتحليل نتائج التحصيل في المادتين ، والتي ستسهم في عملية تطوير و تحسين تعليم وتعلم المادتين بصفة خاصة ، والنظام التعليمي بصفة عامة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">بجانب الاختبارات التحصيلية ، تطلب هذه الدراسة من الطلبة و المعلمين ومديري المدارس استكمال استبيانات متعلقة بتعليم وتعلم المادتين . هذه البيانات الناتجة توفر صورة حية حول المتغيرات والصعوبات في تدريس المادتين ، وتساعد على إظهار القضايا الجديدة المرتبطة بجهود التطوير في مجال المناهج وطرق التدريس وتدريب المعلم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">مقارنة المستوى التحصيلي للعلوم و الرياضيات على مستوى</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">التحصيل في الدول الأخرى</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">دراسة الفروق بين أنظمة التعليم الوطنية بغرض المساعدة على</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تحسين تعليم و تعلم العلوم و الرياضيات على مستوى العالم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تعويد الطلبة على تطبيق جميع المفاهيم الرياضية والعلمية التي درسوها لتطوير أدائهم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تدريب المعلم على صياغة الأسئلة الموضوعية التي تتمحور حول المعلومة بحيث يستخدم الطلبة المفاهيم و المهارات الخاصة بهذه المعلومة للوصول إلى الحل الصحيح</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">اكساب الطلبة المهارات الرياضية و العلمية التي تعتمد على أسلوب التفكير و التحليل والتحدي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">إعادة النظر في مناهج العلوم و الرياضيات بما يتوافق مع المناهج في الدول الأخرى</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الاهتمام بتطوير طرق التقويم و التركيز على التقويم البنائي وقياس المهارات المكتسبة فكريا و عليما و التقليل من أسئلة التذكر و الحفظ</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تنوع طرائق التدريس بما يساعد على تنمية مهارات التفكير العلمي لدى المتعلمين</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">لهذا البرنامج تأثير كبير في إصلاح و تطوير الجهود المبذولة لرفع مستوى تعليم و تعلم الرياضيات والعلوم في العالم ، حيث أنه يلبي حاجة جمع البيانات اللازمة ، للتحكم في عملية التطوير من جهة وتحسين السياسات الهادفة لتقييم و توجيه الاستراتيجيات التعليمية الجديدة من جهة أخرى</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
• </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تجذير ثقافة وممارسات راسخة في إجراء تقييم موضوعي للأنظمة والمؤسسات التربوية لدى البلدان المشاركة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
• </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تقديم المساعدات الفنية لصياغة سياسات واستراتيجيات لإصلاح الأنظمة التربوية الخاصة بكل دولة من الدول المشاركة في نهاية الدراسة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
• </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تطوير جهاز من التربويين والإداريين والباحثين المدربين وذوي الخبرة في النواحي الأساسية من التقييم. بما في ذلك إعداد التقارير، إضافة إلى أصول سحب العينات، وإكسابهم الخبرة في تقييم تأثير الإصلاحات والسياسات التربوية باستمرار</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تقدم الدراسة للدولة المشاركة قاعدة بيانات نوعية وشاملة عن كل المراحل التي تتم فيها العملية التربوية، مثل المتغيرات الصفية والأسرية والبيئة المدرسية للصفين الثامن والرابع في العلوم والرياضيات، بحيث تمكن هذه البيانات من إجراء المقارنات بين الدول المشاركة، وبما يساهم في تطوير الأنظمة التربوية وتحسين نوعية التعليم والتعلم</span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">توجيهات حول أسئلة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تعتبر أسئلة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">قياس دقيق للمهارات العليا التي يكتسبها المتعلم من خلال التركيز على قدراته العقلية وتمكنه من الفهم والتطبيق و التركيب والتحليل وصولاً إلى الحكم الصحيح</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ولهذه الأسئلة فوائد عديدة عندما تتم صياغتها بالشكل الصحيح والمبني على أهداف محددة مثل</span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
1- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تفيد المتعلمين وتساعد في بناء جيل قادر على</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">التعامل الفعال مع مختلف المواقف</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">اتخاذ القرار الصحيح في الاتجاه الصحيح والوقت الصحيح</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">النقد البناء لأعماله أو أعمال غيره</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">التعامل مع الحل والحل البديل للمشاكل</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ترتيب أولويات الحل بطريقة الأهم ثم المهم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تحويل أي علم يقدم له إلى سلوك وظيفي مفيد</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
2- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وتفيد المعلمين وتدفعهم إلى</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تطوير المستوى العلمي وباستمرار</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تحديث طرق التدريس</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">استعمال أحدث الوسائل التربوية والتقنية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الاهتمام الحقيقي بالجانب العملي الدقيق</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">التعامل مع إجابات الطلاب على أنها ناتج تفكير لعقل البشري حر</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">والبعد عن التقيد بحرفية نموذج الإجابة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">طريقة بناء سؤال</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS : </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">لتقديم سؤال من نوعية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TIMSS :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أولاً: البعد عن التعامل مع مستوى الحفظ والتذكر واعتباره قاعدة لابد من الإلمام بها كحد أدنى من حدود المعرفة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ثانياً: صياغة السؤال بطريقة تدفع الطالب نحو إعمال الفكر في فهم ما يقرأه وتطبيقه وتحليل لعناصره أو تركيب جزئياته وفق علاقات منطقية صحيحة ثم الوصول إلى الحكم عليه بالصحة أو عدم الصحة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ملاحظة: تقديم السؤال كمشكلة أو رسم تخطيطي أو صوره سيجبر الطالب على " الفحص" وهو مهارة نفسحركية مطلوبة كبداية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">فلسفة بناء أسئلة الـ</span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TIMSS</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تتركز فيما يلي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
1) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ليست أسئلة تعجيزية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
2) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">لا تتعامل مع المستويات الدنيا للمعرفة أي الحفظ والاستظهار</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
3) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">السؤال يهدف إلى إثارة تفكير الطالب وإكسابه مهارات ستؤثر إيجابياً في بنائه عموماُ</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
4) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">السؤال يتعامل مع أكثر من مهارة من المستويات العليا للمعرفة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
5) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ستدفع المعلم نحو تجديد وتعميق معلوماته والتعامل الدائم مع أحدث المراجع</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
6) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ستؤدي لتغيرات جوهرية في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
• </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كم ونوع وطريقة عرض الدروس وأسئلة التقويم في الكتب لمدرسية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
• </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كم ونوع وطريقة عرض الدروس العملية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
• </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كم ونوع ومستوى أسئلة الامتحانات والاختبارات العملية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
• </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أطر الامتحانات والاختبارات العملية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
7) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ستبني جسرا قويا للثقة المتبادلة بين المعلم والمتعلم حينما يتأكد المتعلم أن معلمه يفيده فائدة مؤثرة ويتعامل مع أفكاره باحترام ولا يجبره على نمط محدد من أنماط الأداء التعبيري أو الحركي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
8) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ستتيح فرصاً كبيرة لظهور الموهوبين</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> TALENTED))</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وهؤلاء هم درة التاج في أي مجتمع وبهم تتقدم الشعوب ويعلو شأنها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #8e8e8e; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-7029171195452215482011-04-03T11:27:00.000-07:002011-04-03T11:27:44.796-07:00تابع :الأسس الفكرية إستراتيجية شكل البيت الدائر<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Sahifa; font-size: 20pt;">تابع :الأسس الفكرية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Sahifa;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Sahifa; font-size: 20pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: Sahifa; font-size: 20pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">إستراتيجية</span><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: Sahifa; font-size: 20pt;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Sahifa; font-size: 20pt;">شكل البيت الدائري</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Sahifa;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 22pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">بنى وندرسي شكل البيت الدائري بناء على ما قدمته نظرية التعلم عند أوزوبل وما قدمته البنائية الإنسانية من تصور حول اكتساب المعرفة، بالإضافة إلى بحوث ميللر حول الذاكرة وما قدمته أبحاث الإدراك البصري. وفيما يلي توضيح مختصر لتلك الأسس:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">1. نظرية أوزوبل </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Ausubel</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> للتعلم ذي المعنى</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تركز نظرية التمثيل للتعلم المعرفي </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Assimilation theory</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> لأوزوبل على أهمية المعارف السابقة حيث تعتبر مرسى للمعارف الجديدة. وقد استخدم أوزوبل مصطلح التمثيل من علم الأحياء والذي يعني أن الجسم بعد أن يهضم الغذاء ويمتصه يحوله إلى مادة تشبه مادة الجسم ليستخدمها في بناء الجسم. وتبحث هذه النظرية في الميكانيزمات الداخلية في المخ وسيكولوجية المعرفة. فالفرد يحمل أفكارًا ومفاهيم راسخة في بنيته المعرفية وعندما تدخل المعرفة الجديدة يحدث التكيف </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Accommodation</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> بتنظيم المعرفة السابقة لتشمل المعرفة الجديدة. وبذلك يتم تمثيل المعرفة الجديدة داخل البنية المعرفية بحيث تفقد طبيعتها التي دخلت فيها وينتج عن هذا التفاعل بينهما معرفة متميزة عنهما.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">2. نظرية نوفاك<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>للبنائية الإنسانية </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Human Constrctivism</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">قدم نوفاك الأستاذ في جامعة كورنيل نظرية البنائية الإنسانية والتي ارتكز فيها على مبدأ أوزوبل للتعلم ذي المعنى "إن أكثر عامل يؤثر على التعلم هو ما يعرفه المتعلم نفسه" </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>(Mintzes and Wandersee, 1998, P.47)</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> وتؤكد نظريته على عملية صنع المعنى وذلك بتكوين ارتباط بين المفاهيم الجديدة والمفاهيم السابقة الموجودة في البنية المعرفية للمتعلم وتكوين مفاهيم ومعلومات جديدة تماما لأن وجهة النظر هذه ترى استحالة بناء فردين لنفس المعنى عند تقديم نفس المعلومات. إن هذا الاهتمام بالإدراك وليس التعلم الصم والتركيز على صنع المعنى وفهم مفاهيم العلوم يعطي الفرصة للمتعلم لإعادة بناء وتقييم ومراجعة أفكاره فربط المعلومات الجديدة بالسابقة يساعد على القدرة على تعلم وتذكر المعرفة. </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">3. بحوث علم النفس لجورج ميللر </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Georg Miller</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">إن شمول الشكل لسبعة قطاعات خارجية يأتي منسجماً مع ما توصل إليه ميللر في دراساته النفسية حول الذاكرة قصيرة المدى من أن أغلبية الناس يمكنهم تذكر سبعة أشياء قد تزيد أو تنقص اثنين؛ لذلك إذا حدث لهذه المعلومات تجميع </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Chunck</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> بشكل فاعل بتقليل أو ضغط التفصيلات فإن المتعلم يمكنه إيجاد علاقات بين الأفكار وزيادة التعلم. لقد كتب ميللر عام 1956 مقالته الشهيرة بعنوان "الرقم السحري سبعة قد يزيد أو ينقص اثنين" حيث توصل في أبحاثه إلى أن معظم الناس يستطيعون تذكر سبعة أشياء غالباً. لذلك رأى أن تنظيم المعلومات (تجميع) وإيجاد علاقات بين المعلومات يؤدي إلى زيادة التذكر بحيث تخزن وتسترجع بشكل أفضل فالتجميع يزيد من اتساع الذاكرة.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أبحاث الإدراك البصري </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Visual Imagery</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تشير دراسات ليفن وبندر وبرسلي </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Levin, Bender, Pressley</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> أن الأطفال الذين شاهدوا صوراً عند قراءة القصص لهم يتذكرون 40% من المعلومات أكثر من الأطفال الذين قرأت لهم القصص بدون صور. إن وجود الصور يساعد كثيراً على عمليات الترميز </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">encoding</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> فوجود الصور والتوضيحات تلفت انتباه المتعلم والتي يعتبرها علماء الإدراك أول خطوة لعمليات الترميز في الذاكرة. فالتذكر والإدراك يزيد عندما تعرض المعلومات لفظياً وصورياً فنظرية الترميز الثنائي لبيفيو<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Paivio</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> ترى أن وجود الصور يساعد على التذكر لأن الأفكار رمزت عن طريقين: لفظي ومرئي فالترميز الثنائي أسهل للتذكر من الترميز الأحادي </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>(Ward and Wandersee,2002,</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span>. كذلك فإن الأشكال الهندسية العادية كالدوائر تعتبر أشكالاً متوازية ثابتة وباستخدام العينين الاثنتين فإن نطاق النظر هو أيضاً دائري. إن عقولنا تسعى إلى الأشكال ثنائية البعد في البيئة لأنها سهلة المعالجة بالنسبة للملاحظ وبالتالي يسهل تذكرها فإذا استخدمت خطوط بسيطة غير مركبة واضحة وليست قريبة من بعضها فإن ذلك يساعد على الإدراك مما يؤدي إلى زيادة القدرة على تذكر المعلومات واسترجاعها بسهولة.</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;"><br clear="all" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /><span style="font-size: large;"> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Sahifa; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria;">كيفية بناء شكل البيت الدائري </span></em></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.7pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تقوم المتعلمة ببناء شكل البيت الدائري باتباع "نموذج خطوات بناء شكل البيت الدائري" فكل سؤال في النموذج مرتبط بخطوة من خطوات الشكل بحيث تقوم المتعلمة بما يلي:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 35.7pt 0pt 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تحدد الهدف الذي تسعى له من بناء شكل البيت الدائري ليساعدها ذلك على التركيز في دراسة الموضوع ويوجهها أثناء التعلم.</span></b></div><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تحدد الموضوع الرئيسي المراد دراسته سواء كان مفهوما أو تجربة عملية أو إجراءات معينة بحيث يكون العنوان الرئيسي وتسجل هذا العنوان داخل القرص الدائري.</span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تحدد جانبين يتناولهما الموضوع الرئيسي بحيث يكونان عنوانين متفرعين عن الموضوع الرئيسي إذا كان الموضوع يحتمل ذلك وتسجلهما على جانبي المنحنى في القرص الدائري.</span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تقسم الموضوع الرئيسي إلى سبعة أفكار رئيسية (قد تزيد أو تنقص بندين) وتكتب عبارة لكل منها ثم تلخصها في عنوان يوضح خلاصة الفكرة.</span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">ترسم أيقونة (شكلاً أو صورة أو رسمًا مبسطًا) لكل من العناوين السبعة بحيث تساعدها على تذكر هذه العناوين.</span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تبدأ بتعبئة القطاعات الخارجية لشكل البيت الدائري مبتدئة بالقطاع المشير إلى الساعة 12 وباتجاه عقارب الساعة مستخدمة العناوين القصيرة والأيقونات المرافقة لها في كل قطاع من القطاعات السبعة. ويمكن للمتعلمة الاستعانة برسومات و صور جاهزة وقد تقدمها المعلمة لتساعد المتعلمة على الابتكار. </span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">إذا شعرت المتعلمة بحاجتها إلى التوسع في نقطة معينة يمكنها استخدام شكل "القطاع المكبر" للشرح والتعليق.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">تستخدم نموذج "ضبط شكل البيت الدائري" لمراعاة شروط بناء الشكل بحيث تصبح المتعلمة موجهة ذاتيا.</span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">بعد الانتهاء من بناء الشكل تكتب الطالبة عن الموضوع. </span></b></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-66295813337335890022011-04-03T09:02:00.001-07:002011-04-03T09:02:56.978-07:00<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 21pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Sahifa; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">أولا: إستراتيجية شكل البيت الدائري </span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Sahifa; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Round house diagram</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Sahifa; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">هي إستراتيجية حديثة مقترحة من وندرسي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>واستخدمها في تدريس مقررات التربية العلمية في جامعة لويزيانا . فهي إستراتيجية مقترحة من أجل تمثيل مجمل لموضوعات وإجراءات وأنشطة العلوم. وهي تعتبر قالباً يستطيع المتعلم من خلاله ربط المعلومات، تحديد العلاقات، تقديم التوضيحات، ووصف الموضوعات حيث يركز المتعلم على الفكرة العامة ثم يفصلها إلى أجزاء مبتدئاً من العام إلى الخاص. وقد جاءت هذه الإستراتيجية نتيجة دراسة وندرسي لنظرية أوزوبل في جامعة كورنيل وكذلك نتيجة لتدريسه خرائط المفاهيم وشكل </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>(V)</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">في جامعة لويزيانا بحيث ربط بين كل ذلك وما<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>يعرفه عن الأشكال المنظمة.</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;">وشكل البيت الدائري شكل هندسي دائري ثنائي البعد وهو عبارة عن قرص مركزي يقسمه خط اختياري وتحيط به سبعة قطاعات خارجية بحيث يمثل شكل البنية المفاهيمية لجزء محدود من المعرفة ويوضح شكل (1) مكونات شكل البيت الدائري. وقد أعطاه وندرسي هذا الاسم تشبيهاً له بالتراكيب الدائرية ذات الأقراص المستديرة المستخدمة في السكك الحديدية لتبديل عربات القطار بحيث يمثل القرص المركزي الفكرة الأساسية أما الخط الاختياري فيقسم هذه الفكرة أو يضع الأفكار المتقابلة لها. وتستخدم القطاعات السبعة المحيطة لتجزئة المفاهيم الصعبة أو لترتيب تسلسل الأحداث أو لتعلم خطوات حل المشكلات بحيث يعبئ التلاميذ الشكل مبتدئين من موقع الساعة 12 وباتجاه عقارب الساعة.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 23pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وقد قامت هاكني وورد </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Hackney and Ward (2002)</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> بتطبيق هذه الإستراتيجية في تدريس مادة الأحياء للمرحلة الثانوية وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (30) طالباً وطالبة وأوضحت النتائج أن هناك علاقة ارتباط بين درجة إتقان الطلاب لرسم الشكل وبين درجة تحصيلهم في أسئلة الاختبار. كما تبين في دراسة ورد ووندرسي </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Al-ketab; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Ward and Wandersee (2004)</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Al-ketab; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> فعالية استخدام شكل البيت الدائري في التعلم ذي المعنى لدى طلاب الصف السادس الابتدائي. حيث اتبع الباحثان المنهج الكمي لدراسة (19) طالباً وطالبة من مستويات أكاديمية مرتفعة ومتوسطة ومنخفضة و كذلك اتبع الباحثان المنهج الكيفي حيث اختارا ستة من هؤلاء الطلاب لفحصهم كحالة دراسية. وقد استمدا نتائج البحث من الملاحظة والمقابلة الإكلينيكية مع الطلاب وكذلك من نتائج ستة اختبارات على مدى عشرة أسابيع وبالإضافة إلى درجات تقييم لإتقان رسم شكل البيت الدائري. </span></b></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-13516581792687336652011-04-01T11:55:00.000-07:002011-04-01T11:55:03.680-07:00القران الكريم يحدد سرعة الضوء<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" dir="rtl"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">القران الكريم يحدد سرعة الضوء</span></b></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;"></span> </div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"> </div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span><img height="166" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSNkHJKW8R_fG9Y60ylGG-60eMORiIKfoqVtQvnf-Rbfrb15JKLA&t=1" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="294" /> </span></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">حدد القرآن الكريم سرعة الضوء قبل العلم بأربعة عشر</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">قرناً! ففي قوله تعالى: (<span style="color: #60bf00;">يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ</span></span></b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #60bf00;"></span><b style="color: #60bf00;"><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b style="color: #60bf00;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">ثُمَّ يَعْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا</span></b><span dir="ltr" style="color: #60bf00;"></span><b style="color: #60bf00;"><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: #60bf00;">تَعُدُّونَ</span>) </span></b></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">[السجدة: 5]. </span></b></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="AR-SA">في هذه الآية يكمن سرّ سرعة الضوء، فقد قام الدكتور منصور حسب النبي رئيس قسم الفيزياء للبنات بجامعة عين شمس رحمه الله تعالى </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA">بحساب السنة القمرية الحقيقية وما</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA">يقطعه القمر خلال سنة كاملة، ثم قام بحساب ما يقطعه القمر في ألف سنة. ثم قسم هذه</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA">المسافة على مدة يوم واحد، فكانت النتيجة هي سرعة الضوء</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>!!</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="AR-SA"> بداية من الجدير بالذكر ثلاثة أمور :</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="AR-SA">الأول : اليوم يومان يوم العوام وهو: 24 ساعة</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="AR-SA"> ويوم العلماء وهو</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="AR-SA"> 23 ساعة و56 دقيقة و 4.0906 ثانية</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="AR-SA">•</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><b><span lang="AR-SA">والثاني : ان سرعة الضوء ليست 300000 كم/ثانية بالضبط بل هي:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: medium;">299792.4574 (+-) 0.0011</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> كم/ثانية</span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="AR-SA">•</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><b><span lang="AR-SA">كما حددها معهد الدائرة الوطنية للمقاييس الأمريكية</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="AR-SA">•</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><b><span lang="AR-SA">اما مختبر الفيزياء الوطني البريطاني فقد حددها ب</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: medium;">299792.4590 (+-) 0.0008 </span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> كم/ثانية</span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"> <img height="360" src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fJlfom3vTLk/0.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="480" /></span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> <b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA"><b><span style="font-size: large;">ثالثا : ان أكبر سرعة في الكون هي سرعة الضوء.</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA"></span></div><div></div><div></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b> <div></div><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> <img height="265" src="http://www.quran-m.com/firas/ar_photo/6/5as.jpg.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="529" /></span></div><div></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">وألان تعالوا بنا لنرى كيف حدد القران الكريم سرعة الضوء بدقة متناهية حيث يقول الله تعالى</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">".<span style="color: #60bf00;">.. ثم يعرج إليه في يوم كان مقداره ألف سنة مما تعدون"</span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">وكلمة مما تعدون تدل على أن المسافة التي يقطعها الأمر(1000 سنة) هي بالتاريخ الهجري وقد كان العرب قديما يحسبون المسافات فيقولون مسيرة يوم أو مسيرة شهر وإذا ردنا أن نحول الألف سنة إلى مسافة فينبغي أن نعرف المسافة التي يقطعها القمر حول الأرض في شهر وهي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>2152612.34</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> كم</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">فتكون المسافة التي يقطعها القمر في السنة هي:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>2152612.34</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span>*12 = </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>25831348.08</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> كم</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">وتكون المسافة التي يقطعها القمر في 1000 عام هي :</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>25831348.08</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span>*1000 = </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1301683866_43">25831348080</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> كم</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">وبما أن السرعة = المسافة /الزمن</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">هنا عرفنا المسافة</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">أما زمن اليوم بالثانية (<span style="color: #00bf60;">إن يوما عند ربك</span>) فهو:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"> 23 ساعة و 56 دقيقة و 4.0906 ثانية</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">فحين نحول اليوم إلى ثوان فيكون اليوم </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>86164.0906</span></b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> ثانية</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">وألان لحساب السرعة قسم المسافة على الزمن أي :</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>25831348080</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> كم/</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>86164.0906 </span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">ثانية = </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>299792.4994</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> كم/ ثانية</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">وهذه هي سرعة الضوء التي يتعامل بها اينشتاين وغيره من العلماء</span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">وصدق الله العظيم حين قال </span></b></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">"<span style="color: #007f40;">سنريهم آياتنا في الأفاق وفي أنفسهم حتى يتبين لهم انه الحق"</span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;"><b>سبحان الله وبحمده سبحان الله العظيم</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;"><b>أشهد أن لا اله وحده لا شريك له وأشهد أن محمدا عبده و رسوله</b></span></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-971514497677398012011-04-01T10:23:00.000-07:002011-04-01T10:23:56.346-07:00أهم أشكال التقويم القائم على الأجهزة التكنولوجية<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div align="center" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 20pt;">أهم أشكال التقويم القائم على الأجهزة التكنولوجية :</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red;"></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">1- التقويم المدار بالكمبيوتر </span><span dir="ltr">Computer Adaptive Evaluation</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">يمثل التقويم المدار بالكمبيوتر أهم تطبيقات التكنولوجيا في مجال التقويم التربوي، وهو ذلك التقويم الذي يعتمد على تنفيذ عمليات القياس ، إجراء الاختبارات عبر الكمبيوتر باستخدام برمجيات خاصة لهذا الغرض.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">ويؤدي ذلك بالطبع إلى جعل عملية التقويم أكثر مرونة وسهولة وسرعة في التنفيذ وفي رصد النتائج ، يث يقوم الكمبيوتر بتحديد الأسئلة وطرحها على المتعلم وتصحيحها ورصد درجاتها في وقت قياسي. ويبدأ الاختبار على الكمبيوتر بأن يطرح على المتعلم سؤالاً سهلاً، فإن أجابه طرح عليه سؤالاً آخر أقل سهولة، ثم يتدرج بالمتعلم من الأسئلة السهلة إلى الأسئلة متوسطة الصعوبة إلى الأسئلة الصعبة. وعندما لا يستطيع المتعلم إجابة سؤالاً صعباً فإن الكمبيوتر يحوله إلى سؤال آخر أقل صعوبة، حيث تستمر هذه العملية حتى يجيب المتعلم عن عدد من الأسئلة يكفي لحصوله على تقدير أو درجة محددة، ومن ثم تحديد ما إذا كان المتعلم قد وصل إلى المستوى المعياري المتفق عليه ؟ أما لا ؟ . ويساعد التقويم المدار بالكمبيوتر المدارس ومؤسسات التعليم بأن يكون اختبار الطلاب سهلاً وميسراً، وفي المتناول المعلم أو القائمين على العملية التعليمية عند الطلب، كما يساعد في تتبع النمو العلمي لهؤلاء الطلاب، وتعقب مسار تقدم مستواهم التعليمي خلال مراحل العام الدراسي أولاً بأول، وهذا يعني توفير بيانات سهلة ميسرة ترصد بدقة مدى تطور مستوى أي متعلم في المؤسسة التعليمية.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">وينبغي الاهتمام بالتقويم المدار بالكمبيوتر، والعمل على تطويره باستمرار للعديد من الأسباب، والتي من أهمها: ( </span><span dir="ltr">Asp, E., 2000, p.141</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span>)</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> أن هذا النوع من التقويم يؤدي ـ إضافة لدوره المهم في تطوير أساليب التقويم التربوي ـ إلى أن تكون للمدارس ومؤسسات التعليم رؤية واضحة عما يريدون للطلاب أن يعرفوه وما يستطيعون إنجازه فعلاً خلال مستويات تعليمهم المختلفة.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> أن قدرة الكمبيوتر وكفاءته في معالجة البيانات وتخزينها يجعله مناسباً وملائماً لأي نموذج من نماذج القياس المتطور والحديث.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> أن هذا النوع من التقويم يتيح إمكانية إدخال جميع المدارس ومؤسسات التعليم ببلد أو إقليم ما في شبكة إلكترونية حاسوبية واحدة، تتيح إمكانية الحصول على بيانات تقويمية عن مستوى الطلاب والمتعلمين بتلك المؤسسات بسهولة ويسر وسرعة بالإضافة إلى الدقة البالغة في نتائج التقويم. وهذا يساعد بالطبع المسئولين عن التعليم في المتابعة المستمرة لعمل هذه المؤسسات ، مدى اقتراب أو ابتعاد مسارها عن المسار المعياري المرسوم.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">ويجمل <b><i>مصطفى رجب (1995: 18-19)</i></b> أهم تطبيقات ومزايا التقويم المدار بالكمبيوتر في:</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span lang="AR-SA">أ- مجال الاختبارات :</span></i></b><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">يساعد هذا النوع من التقويم في كل من:</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(1) إجراء تعديلات في أسئلة الاختبارات، وإضافة أو حذف أسئلة أخرى، وطباعة نسخ عديدة بسرعة فائقة عبر الطابعة الملحقة بالكمبيوتر.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(2) توليد أنواع بديلة، وصيغ مكافئة متنوعة من الأسئلة والمفردات التي تتطابق مع الأهداف التعليمية بكافة مجالاتها ومستوياتها.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(3) بناء عدد من الاختبارات القصيرة في مستويات محددة مسبقاً من حيث الصعوبة، وإجراء المقارنة بينها.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(4) بناء اختبارات مفصلة بحسب أغراض خاصة لكل طالب أو مجموعة من الطلاب.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(5) حفظ خزائن وبنوك الأسئلة.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(6) تخزين سجلات المعلمين، والاحتفاظ بسجلات شاملة عن أداء الطلاب في كافة المواد الدراسية .</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(7) تقديم تفسيرات علاجية في اختبارات الشخصية، والاختبارات الإسقاطية واختبارات الذكاء .</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(8) بناء اختبارات مصورة لمواقف حقيقية، أو لمواقف محاكاة عبر الكمبيوتر.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(9) التصحيح الآلي والفوري للاختبارات.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(10) رصد درجات الاختبارات.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span lang="AR-SA">ب- مجال التقديرات :</span></i></b><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">يساعد هذا النوع من التقويم في :</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(1) الاحتفاظ بتقديرات الطلاب في مختلف المواد الدراسية.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(2) تفسير درجات الطلاب -في ضوء درجات الطالب نفسه أو في ضوء درجات أقرانه- وإجراء المقارنات بينها.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(3) التعرف على تضخم التقدير أو انحدارها.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(4) متابعة أداء الطلاب ومستوى تقديراتهم في حجرات الدراسة خلال برنامج أو مقرر دراسى أو تدريبي محدد.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span lang="AR-SA">ج- مجال التحليل الإحصائي :</span></i></b><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;"> يقوم هذا النوع من التقويم بدور مهم في :</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(1) تفريغ البيانات والدرجات الخاصة بالاختبارات.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(2) حساب إحصائيات موجزة على مستوى الصف أو المدرسة تتعلق بثبات الاختبارات الصفية والتحليل الكمي للأسئلة.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(3) القيام بالتحليلات الإحصائية للبحوث العلمية وما يطبق فيها من مقاييس واختبارات باستخدام الرزم الإحصائية المتعددة.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">(4) إعداد التقارير لعرضها على أولياء الأمور لمتابعة مستويات أبنائهم الدراسية أولاً بأول.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">ونظراً لارتفاع تكاليف هذا النوع من تكنولوجيا التقويم خصوصاً في بعض بلدان العالم النامي، فإنه من المحتمل أن يتأخر تطبيق القياس والتقويم المدار بالكمبيوتر في كثير من المؤسسات التعليمية بتلك البلدان لبعض الوقت، لكن هذا التوجه الجديد بدأ تطبيقه بالفعل في كثير من المؤسسات التعليمية ببعض الدول المتقدمة وهو في طريقة للانتشار بالمزيد من المؤسسات التعليمية في دول أخرى.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">2- التقويم عن بعد : </span><span dir="ltr">Distance Evaluation</span><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">من التوجهات الحديثة في مجال التقويم التربوي ما يعرف بالتقويم عن بعد، ذلك النوع من التقويم الذي ظهر مواكباً لنوع من التعلم والتعليم يعرف بالتعلم عن بعد </span><b><i><span dir="ltr">Distance Learning</span></i></b><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> ، حيث يعتمد هذا النوع من التقويم على تكنولوجيا الاتصالات والمعلومات وتطبيقاتها الحديثة كالقنوات الفضائية والأقمار الصناعية ، الكمبيوتر ، شبكة الإنترنت والهواتف النقالة .. الخ.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">ويتم التقويم عن بعد عموماً في جميع المؤسسات التعليمية، وجميع الهيئات التي تقدم للمتعلمين برامج تعليم وتعلم عن بعد، كالجامعات المفتوحة التي يتم فيها التعليم والتعلم خلال مواقف تعتمد على وسائل الاتصال والتواصل المختلفة كالمطبوعات، وشبكات الهواتف والتلكس ، الفاكس ، أنظمة التلفاز والفيديو التفاعلي ، الحاسوب ، الإنترنت ، غيرها من أجهزة الاتصال السلكية واللاسلكية التي تحل مشكلة المسافات البعيدة بين المعلم والمتعلم والتي تتيح إمكانية التفاعل فيما بينهما. ويختلف التعليم عن بعد في تلك المؤسسات عن التعليم النظامي المعتاد في منحنيين: الأول يتمثل في عدم المواجهة المباشرة بين المعلم والمتعلم خلال عمليتي التعليم والتعلم ، ما المنحى الثاني فيتمثل في بعد المسافة بين المعلم أو مصدر التعليم والتعلم، والمتعلم، فالمعلم والمتعلم لا يجمعهما مكان واحد وتوقيت محدد كما هو الحال في التعليم المدرسي والجامعي النظامي . <b><i>( ماهر إسماعيل صبري ، 1999، ص238).</i></b></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">وهكذا فإن تكنولوجيا التقويم وتطورها سوف تؤثر بالضرورة على كيفية تنفيذ التقييم الصفي </span><b><i><span dir="ltr">Classroom Assessment</span></i></b><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> داخل حجرات الدراسة، فالطلاب في المدارس والجامعات التي تطبق نظام التقويم عن بعد يمكنهم ـ بالفعل ـ تلقي الامتحانات والاختبارات في منازلهم عبر أية وسيلة من وسائل الاتصال ليجيبوا عنها ويعيدونها (يرسلوها) إلى المعلم عبر شبكة الكمبيوتر ليتم تصحيحها، وتقدير درجاتهم فيها <b><i>(</i></b></span><b><i><span dir="ltr">Asp, E., 2000, p.141</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span>).</span></i></b><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">ويتم التقويم عن بعد عبر عدة قنوات هي نفس القنوات التي يتم من خلالها التعليم والتعلم عن بعد من أهم هذه القنوات ما يلي :</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span lang="AR-SA">أ- التقويم بالمراسلة </span></i><b><i><span dir="ltr">Evaluation by Mailing</span></i></b><span dir="rtl"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> :</span></i><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">من أهم قنوات التقويم عن بعد " المراسلة " </span><span dir="ltr">Mailing</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">، تلك التي تمثل قناة من قنوات التعليم والتعلم عن بعد أيضاً، ويتم التقويم بالمراسلة من خلال إرسال الاختبارات والمقاييس إلى المتعلم عبر الرسائل المكتوبة، أو المسموعة، أو المرئية، التي يتم إرسالها بالبريد العادي أو عن طريق البريد الإلكتروني </span><span dir="ltr">E-Mail</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> في شبكة الإنترنت، أو عبر الفاكس (الهاتف المصور)، أو أية وسيلة أخرى. وعلى المتعلم أن يجيب على الاختبارات والمقاييس المرسلة إليه ثم يعيدها إلى جهة إرسالها بنفس وسيلة المراسلة، أو من خلال أية وسائل أخرى.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span lang="AR-SA">ب- التقويم بالهاتف </span></i><b><i><span dir="ltr">Evaluation by Telephone</span></i></b><span dir="rtl"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span></i><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">يعد الهاتف قناة من قنوات التعليم عن بعد، ومن ثم فيمكن استخدامه كأحد قنوات التقويم عن بعد، حيث يمكن تطبيق الاختبارات والمقاييس والاستفتاءات والاستبانات عبر الهاتف مهما كانت المسافات، وذلك بطريقة لفظية (صوتية) عبر الهاتف السلكي، أو الهاتف النقال اللاسلكي، أو بطريقة مكتوبة عبر الهاتف المصور المعروف باسم الفاكس. ويتبع ذلك الأمر كثيراً في العديد من برامج المسابقات الإذاعية والتلفزيونية لكنه غير منتشر في مؤسسات التعليم .</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">وقد ساعد في تطوير تلك التقنية التقدم المتلاحق في أجهزة الاتصالات السلكية عبر شبكات الكابلات المصنوعة من الألياف الضوئية </span><span dir="ltr">Fiber optics</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> وأجهزة الهاتف النقال عبر الشبكات الفضائية الهاتفية التي توفرها الأقمار الصناعية، حيث يسهل نقل المكالمات إلى أبعد بقاع الأرض بدقة كبيرة ووضوح شديد في وقت قصير.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span lang="AR-SA">ج- التقويم عبر القنوات الفضائية :</span></i><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">من قنوات التعليم والتقويم عن بعد القنوات الفضائية المسموعة والمرئية التي وفرتها نظم الاتصالات الفضائية عبر الأقمار الصناعية، مثل شبكات "الايروسات </span><span dir="ltr">Eurosate</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> " والعربسات، والنايل سات ، غيرها. تلك الشبكات التي تحمل مئات القنوات الإذاعية والتلفزيونية. ومنها بالطبع قنوات تعليمية تعمل لصالح جامعات مفتوحة، وقنوات تعليمية عامة، ومن خلالها يمكن تطبيق الاختبارات والمقاييس على الطلاب المنتسبين لتك الجامعات المفتوحة في أي مكان.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span lang="AR-SA">د- التقويم عبر شبكة المعلومات ( الإنترنت) </span></i><b><i><span dir="ltr">Evaluation by Internet</span></i></b><span dir="rtl"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span></i><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">تمثل شبكة الإنترنت أهم قنوات التعليم والتعلم عن بعد التي ظهرت حديثاً ، حيث يمكن من خلالها التوصل إلى العديد من مصادر المعلومات والمعرفة كالدراسات العلمية في مجال دراسي معين أو أحدث الإصدارات من الكتب والدوريات. كما يمكن استخدام شبكة الإنترنت في عملية التقويم من خلال البحث في الشبكة عن معلومات وبيانات تلزم المتعلم في إجابة سؤال أو اختبار ما. أو من خلال التعرف على نظم الامتحانات والاختبارات في المؤسسات التعليمية على مستوى العالم، ويكون ذلك للمعلمين وأخصائيي التقويم التربوي. لكن الاستخدام الأكثر شيوعاً لشبكة الإنترنت في التقويم التربوي هو استخدام الشبكة كوسيلة اتصال سريعة ومباشرة يمكن من خلالها استقبال أية اختبارات أو مقاييس كلامية لفظية مكتوبة أو مصورة لإجابتها، ثم إعادتها مرة أخر ، ويكون ذلك عبر البريد الإلكتروني. وهذا يعني أن الإنترنت هنا تكون وسيلة سريعة للتقويم بالمراسلة الإلكترونية. كذلك يمكن للمتعلمين أداء اختباراتهم على شبكة الإنترنت وتسجيل إجاباتهم وإعلان نتائجهم فور الانتهاء من الإجابة كما هو الحال في اختبارات شهادة قيادة الكمبيوتر الدولية </span><span dir="ltr">ICDL</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span lang="AR-SA">هـ- استخدام بنوك المفردات الاختبارية </span></i><b><i><span dir="ltr">Item Banks</span></i></b><span dir="rtl"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span></i><span lang="AR-SA"></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: large;">تمثل فكرة بنوك الأسئلة (المفردات الاختبارية) تطوراً عصرياً لأساليب تقويم المتعلمين، خاصة وأن إصلاح نظم التقويم وأساليبه يعد أحد التصورات المطروحة لإصلاح العملية التعليمية. هذا وقد أسهمت تكنولوجيا الحاسبات الآلية وتقدمها في تطوير بنوك الأسئلة ورفع كفاءتها.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">ويشير (فوزي إلياس ، 1993، ص166) إلى أن الخطوة الأولى لإنشاء بنك أسئلة هي إنشاء خزانة أسئلة أو خزانة مفردات </span><span dir="ltr">Item pool</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> ، حيث تضم خزائن المفردات هذه مجموعة ضخمة من المفردات الاختبارية التي تتم مراجعة صياغتها، وتصنيفها حسب وحدات وموضوعات الكتاب المدرسي أو المقرر الدراسي. ويعرف بنك الأسئلة بأنه نوع من بنوك المعلومات، يشمل على العديد من خزائن المفردات التي تضم بدورها رصيداً هائلاً من المفردات والأسئلة الاختبارية المقننة، وتمثل خزانة المفردات الصورة الأولية لبنوك الأسئلة. ويتم تقنين المفردات هذه وفقاً للخطوات التالية :</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> تطبيق المفردات (الأسئلة) على عينات تجريبية من الطلاب تتراوح ما بين 400-500 طالباً.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> تحليل إجابات الطلاب لكل مفردة لتحديد خصائص المفردة الإحصائية كمعاملات السهولة والصعوبة ، ومعاملات التمييز ، ومعامل ثبات المفردة.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> تعديل صياغة المفردات في ضوء خصائص المفردة الأحصائية، فهناك بعض المفردات تحتم خصائصها الإحصائية ضرورة تعديلها لكي تصبح أكثر مناسبة وإلا يتم حذفها، واستبدالها بمفردات أخرى مناسبة.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> تصنيف المفردات التي تم التحقق من خصائصها تبعاً لوحدات وموضوعات المحتوى، والمستويات المعرفية والعقلية التي تقيسها (التذكر، الفهم ، لتطبيق التحليل ، لتركيب ، لتقويم) ، ترتيبها في ضوء مستويات صعوبتها فتتدرج من السهل إلى الصعب.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">وبعد الانتهاء من إجراء التقنين يتم تخزين المفردات المعدلة في جهاز الكمبيوتر وفق قاعدة بيانات </span><span dir="ltr">Data Base</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> محددة، حيث يمكن بسهولة تامة استخدام الكمبيوتر في اختيار مفردات (أسئلة) من البنك حسب مواصفات محددة لإعداد اختبار ما. وهناك نظامان أساسيان لبنوك الأسئلة هما :</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> بنك المفردات المفتوح </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>:Open Items Bank</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> الذي يستخدم في عمليات التقويم التكويني (البنائي) والتقويم التشخيصي، حيث يمكن للمعلمين الاعتماد عليه في انتقاء مفردات اختبارية تناسب مختلف المواقف التعليمية.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> بنك المفردات المغلق أو السري </span><span dir="ltr">Secure Items Bank</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> : الذي يستخدم لإعداد اختبارات التقويم النهائي في نهاية العام الدراسي، أو نهاية الفصل الدراسي، لذا فإن المفردات بهذا البنك سرية لا يمكن لغير المسئولين عن إعداد الامتحانات الإطلاع عليها.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br />
</div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA">ولبنوك الأسئلة مزايا ومنافع عديدة أهمها أن : (</span><span dir="ltr">Jason & Judith 1984, p. 317, Wright & Bell, 1984, p.33</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="rtl"></span> ، فوزي إلياس ، 1993، ص182).</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br />
</div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> المفردات والأسئلة المخزنة بها متقنة ومقننة، لذا يمكن الاعتماد عليها في بناء اختبارات جيدة ومناسبة لنظم الامتحانات.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> المفردة الواحدة في تلك البنوك تبقى فعالة لسنوات عديدة ويمكن تكرارها في إعداد الاختبارات لسنوات متعددة بشرط عدم تكرارها في امتحانين متتاليين أو في فترات متقاربة زمنياً .</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> لكل مفردة مخزنة في تلك البنوك بيانات إحصائية كافية عنها، مما يسهل توظيفها لوضع اختبارات حسب المواصفات المطلوبة.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> هذه البنوك تفيد جداً في إمكانية تكوين اختبارات جيدة وفعالة لجميع المواقف التعليمية.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> هذه البنوك تفيد في عمل صور متكافئة للاختبارات تطبق في الامتحان الواحد لمنع عمليات الغش بين الطلاب.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> هذه البنوك تتيح إعداد تمارين واختبارات تدريبية – على نفس مستوى وشكل الاختبار الأساسي- تساعد الطلاب في التمكن من المواد الدراسية.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> تفيد في إعداد اختبارات شاملة لجميع موضوعات المحتوى الدراسي، متكاملة، تغطي جميع المستويات العقلية والمعرفية المطلوبة.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> تضمن السرية التامة للامتحانات.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> الاختبارات التي يتم إعدادها باستخدام هذه البنوك يمكن تصحيحها بسهولة وسرعة عبر الكمبيوتر مما يوفر الكثير من الوقت والجهد.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> كما أن عملية التصحيح باستخدام الكمبيوتر تتميز بدرجة عالية من الصدق والموضوعية.</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif";">�</span><span lang="AR-SA"> تساعد بنوك الأسئلة في إعداد اختبارات تكوينية بنائية لموضوعات ووحدات المقرر الدراسي أولاً بأول.</span></span></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-55042686744110773052011-04-01T10:01:00.001-07:002011-04-01T10:01:53.557-07:00التعلم المُوَلَّفBlended Learning<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div align="center"><span style="color: darkred;"><strong><u>التعلم المُوَلَّفBlended Learning</u></strong></span></div>بنظرة تاريخية سريعة نجد أن الفصول التدريبية التقليدية كانت هي الصيغة المسيطرة في مجال نقل المعرفة، بل حتى في أيامنا هذه نجد أن ما يقرب من 80% من التدريب يتم داخل الفصول التدريبية، كما أن عمر آخر تقنيات التعلم (قبل ظهور التقنيات الحديثة) وهي الكتاب المطبوع يزيد عن (500) عام، في حين نلحظ أنه قد ظهر خلال العشر سنوات الأخيرة فقط ما يزيد عن عشر تقنيات رئيسة جديدة للتعلم والتعاون والمشاركة، وقد كشفت الخبرات المبكرة في التعامل مع هذه التقنيات عن فرص تحسين عميقة في نوعية خبرات التعلم وكفاءتها ومدى مناسبتها وكلفتها .<br />
لقد بدأنا الآن فقط ندرك كيف ستتطور خبرات التعلم من خلال استثمار جمع أو مزيج موَلَّف من أساليب التعلم التقليدية وأساليب التعلم المعتمدة على التقنية الحديثة، وكيف سيكون للتعلم المُوَلَّف تأثير استراتيجي في عمليات مهمة في مجالات أو قطاعات العمل. <br />
إن المؤسسات تنظر اليوم إلى ما هو أبعد من أتمتة نماذج التدريب، إنها تتطلع إلى اتجاهات حديثة لنقل المعرفة ودعم الأداء تستجيب بشكل أفضل إلى أهداف قطاع العمل وتحقق نتائج ملموسة يمكن قياسها، ومن خلال التركيز على أهداف محددة لقطاع العمل بدلا من التركيز على تقنية التعلم ذاتها؛ تتوفر الفرصة لإعادة التفكير بشكل جوهري في تصميم المواد والبرامج التدريبية، وإمعان النظر في المداخل التي تحقق عملية تعلم مستمرة مع مشاركة فاعلة لعموم المؤسسة .<br />
<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">* ـ ما التعلم المُوَلَّف Blended Learning ؟</span><br />
يمكن وصف التعلم المُوَلَّف ـ في إطار ميسر ـ بأنه "برنامج تعلم تستخدم فيه أكثر من وسيلة لنقل (توصيل) المعرفة والخبرة إلى المستهدفين بغرض تحقيق أحسن ما يمكن بالنسبة لمخرجات التعلم وكلفة تنفيذ البرنامج"، ولا تكمن أهمية التعلم المُوَلَّف في مجرد مزج أنماط نقل مختلفة، بل في التركيز على مخرجات التعلم وقطاع العمل، ولذلك يمكن إعادة صياغة هذا التعريف على النحو الآتي :<br />
يركز التعلم المُوَلَّف على التحقيق الأفضل لأهداف التعلم، من خلال استعمال تقنيات التعلم "الصحيحة" لمقابلة أنماط التعلم الشخصية "الصحيحة" من أجل نقل المهارات "الصحيحة" للشخص " المناسب" في الوقت "الصحيح".<br />
<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">* ـ ويتضمن هذا التعريف المبادئ الآتية :</span><br />
- التركيز على أهداف التعلم بدلا من وسيلة نقل الخبرة.<br />
- ضرورة دعم العديد من أنماط التعلم الشخصية المختلفة للوصول إلى الفئة المستهدفة.<br />
- يبني كل فرد خبرة التعلم على معارف ذاتية مختلفة.<br />
- استراتيجية التعلم الفعالة ـ في كثير من الحالات ـ هي "وصول الفرد إلى ما يريد تماما في الوقت الذي يريده".<br />
لقد أظهرت خبرات الرواد في مجال التعلم المُوَلَّف أن تُمَّثل هذه المبادئ أثناء التطبيق يمكن أن يسفر عن تحسينات جذرية في مدى الفاعلية والجدوى الاقتصادية لبرنامج التعلم مقارنة بالأساليب التقليدية. وتتسم هذه التحسينات بدرجة عالية من العمق تمنحها القدرة على تغيير القدرة التنافسية لعموم المؤسسة.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">* ـ أبعاد الموالفة :</span><br />
غالبا ما تَرافق الاستخدام الأولي لعبارة "التعلم المُوَلَّف" بالربط اليسير بين التدريب في الفصل الدراسي التقليدي وأنشطة التعلم الإلكتروني، وقد تطور المصطلح ليشمل مجموعة أغنى من إستراتيجيات التعلم أو "الأبعاد"، وقد يضم برنامج التعلم المُوَلَّف واحدا أو أكثر من الأبعاد على النحو الآتي :<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">1 ـ التوليف بين التعلم الشبكي online والتعلم غير الشبكي offline :</span><br />
تضم خبرات التعلم المُوَلَّف ــ بمستواها البسيط ــ أنماط التعلم الشبكي* online learning وغير الشبكي، ويتم التعلم الشبكي عادة من خلال تقنيات الإنترنت والإنترانت، أما التعلم غير الشبكي فهو يتم في المواقف الصفية التقليدية، ومن الأمثلة على هذا النوع من التعلم المُوَلَّف البرامج التي تتطلب بحثا في المصادر باستخدام الشبكة العنكبوتية web ودراسة المواد المتاحة من خلالها وذلك أثناء جلسات تدريبية واقعية في الفصول الدراسية وبإشراف المدرب .<br />
<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">2 ـ التوليف بين التعلم الذاتيself-paced ، والتعلم التعاوني الفوري live collaborative :</span><br />
يشمل التعلم الذاتي أو التعلم بالسرعة الذاتية عمليات التعلم الفردي والتعلم عند الطلب والتي تتم بناء على حاجة المتدرب ووفق السرعة التي تناسبه، أما التعلم التعاوني ـ في المقابل ـ فيتضمن اتصالا أكثر حيوية (ديناميكية) بين المتدربين، يؤدي إلى تشاركية المعرفة والخبرة، وقد يشمل التوليف بين التعلم الذاتي والتعلم التعاوني ـ على سبيل المثال ـ مراجعة بعض المواد والأدبيات المهمة حول منتج جديد، ثم مناقشة تطبيقات ذلك في عمل المتدرب من خلال التواصل الفوري باستخدام شبكات المعلومات . <br />
<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">3 ـ التوليف بين التعلم المبني* والتعلم غير المبني :</span><br />
يحدث التعلم في أحيان كثيرة دون وجود برنامج تعليمي معد مسبقا أو مبني بشكل منظم ومخطط وهذا ما يمكن تسميته تعلما "غير مبني"، بخلاف "التعلم" المبني structured learning الذي يظهر (على سبيل المثال) في الوحدات الدراسية أو التدريبية التي تكون مصممة وفق تسلسل وتنظيم محدد، والحقيقة أن أغلب التعلم الذي يتم في مكان العمل هو من نوع التعلم غير المبني unstructured learning الذي يحدث خلال الاجتماعات والمحادثات الجانبية والرسائل الإلكترونية ..الخ، وبناء على ذلك فإن التعلم المُوَلَّف يهتم بالتقاط ما تتضمنه المحادثات أو الوثائق التي تتم في أحداث التعلم غير المبني ويخزنها في مستودعات للمعرفة والمعلومات ويصنفها ويجعلها متاحة لجميع العاملين من خلال شبكات المعلومات للاستفادة منها عند الحاجة .<br />
<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">4 ـ التوليف بين المحتوى الخاص (المعد حسب الحاجة) custom content والمحتوى الجاهز off-the-shelf content :</span><br />
المحتوى الجاهز هو المحتوى الشامل أو العام الذي يغفل البيئة والمتطلبات الفريدة للمؤسسة، ومع أن كلفة شراء أو توفير مثل هذا المحتوى تكون في العادة أقل بكثير وتكون قيمة إنتاجه أعلى من المحتوى الخاص الذي يعد ذاتيا، فإن المحتوى العام ذا السرعة الذاتية يمكن تكييفه وتهيئته من خلال توليفة من الخبرات (الصفية أو الشبكية) ، وقد فتحت المعايير الصناعية ـ مثل SCORM (النموذج المرجعي لمكونات المحتوى التشاركي) ـ الباب نحو تحقيق مرونة أكبر في توليف المحتوى الجاهز والمحتوى الخاص لتحسين خبرات المستخدم بكلفة أقل .<br />
<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">5 ـ التوليف بين العمل والتعلم :</span><br />
إن النجاح الحقيقي وفاعلية التعلم في المؤسسة يرتبطان بالتلازم بين العمل والتعلم، وعندما يكون التعلم متضمنا في عمليات قطاع العمل مثل المبيعات أو تطوير المنتجات، يصبح العمل مصدرا لمحتوى التعلم، ويزداد حجم محتوى التعلم المتاح عند الطلب بما يلبي حاجة المستفيدين من هذا المحتوى.<br />
يُستَشَّف مما سبق أن العديد من المعوقات ذات الصلة بالوقت، والمكان، والشكل والتي ترتبط بالفصل الدراسي لم تعد موجودة، وحتى البناء التنظيمي المعد مسبقا للبرنامج التدريبي يمكن تحويله إلى عمليات أو خبرات تعلم مستمرة .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">* ـ مكونات التوليف :</span><br />
التعلم المُوَلَّف ليس جديدا، مع أن مكوناته كانت محصورة في الماضي في الفصول الدراسية التقليدية (بما فيها قاعات المحاضرات والمختبرات) والكتب والملخصات، أما اليوم فإنه يمكن المزاوجة بين اتجاهات التعلم المختلفة لتشمل ولا تقتصر على ما يأتي :<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">1 ـ الصيغ المادية التزامنية Synchronous physical formats :</span><br />
- الفصول الدراسية والمحاضرات التي يشرف عليها المعلم/ المدرب.<br />
- مختبرات وورش العمل اليدوي.<br />
- الرحلات الميدانية.<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">2 ـ الصيغ الشبكية التزامنية، التعلم الإلكتروني الفوري Synchronous online formats (Live eLearning) :</span><br />
- الاجتماعات الإلكترونية.<br />
- الفصول الافتراضية.<br />
- الندوات والبث من خلال الشبكة العنكبوتية.<br />
- التدريب coaching.<br />
- الرسائل المباشرة .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">3 ـ صيغ التعلم الذاتي غير التزامنية Self-paced, a Synchronous formats :</span><br />
- الوثائق وصفحات الإنترنت.<br />
- وحدات التدريب المعتمدة على الحاسب أو الشبكة العنكبوتية.<br />
- المحاكاة .<br />
- أدوات المساعدة المهنية وأنظمة دعم الأداء الإلكترونية (EPSS).<br />
- مجتمعات التعلم الشبكية، ومجموعات النقاش .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">* ـ مثال على التعلم المُوَلَّف :</span><br />
يمكن توضيح المقصود بالتعلم المُوَلَّف من خلال مقارنة برنامج تدريبي تقليدي مع برنامج يطبق مبادئ التعلم المُوَلَّف ، وهذا مثال يتناول تدريب الموظفين الجدد:<br />
قد يتضمن الاتجاه التقليدي لتدريب الموظفين الجدد مساقا تدريبيا لمدة أسبوعين أو ثلاثة يتعرفون من خلاله على منتجات الشركة، ورؤيتها ..، ويتم ذلك داخل فصول تدريبية في وقت محدد قبل أن يلتحق الموظفون بالعمل الحقيقي .<br />
وفي المقابل يمكن لبرنامج تعلم إلكتروني مولف (ينفذ خلال فترة زمنية أطول) أن يساعد في تحقيق الموازنة بين التعلم والأداء من خلال إيجاد وصفة تتضمن الآتي :<br />
- فرص تعلم إلكتروني تفاعلي قبل أن يبدأ الموظفون العمل من أجل تعريفهم بمصادر التعلم والفريق الذي يعملون معه، ولجعلهم أكثر استعدادا للنجاح .<br />
- جلسة انطلاق للبرنامج تتم في فصل تدريبي (واقعي) من أجل التعارف وبناء الفريق .<br />
- سلسلة من الدروس الشبكية ذاتية السرعة تغطي منتجات الشركة وخدماتها .<br />
- المناقشات الشبكية غير التزامنية التي تتيح المشاركة وتبادل دراسات حالة حول مواقف وسناريوهات التعامل مع الزبائن .<br />
- سلسلة من جلسات التدريب التعاونية الفورية يتحدث الموظفون من خلالها مع أعضاء فريق الإدارة .<br />
- اختبار بعدي على الشبكة العنكبوتية لمنح شهادة بالكفايات التي تحققت لدى الموظفين الجدد .<br />
- استبانة شبكية تتيح للمشاركين إعطاء التغذية الراجعة حول برنامج التعلم من أجل تحسينه في المستقبل .<br />
بعد جلسة الانطلاق القصيرة تتم جميع الإجراءات السابقة في مكان عمل الموظفين الجدد على مدى فترة زمنية ممتدة قد تقلل الوقت المتوفر للإنتاجية بالنسبة للموظف لكنها تدفع نحو دمج وتطبيق العناصر الرئيسة للتعلم في سياق العمل .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">* ـ اختيار المكونات المناسبة للتعلم المُوَلَّف :</span><br />
يعد إيجاد استراتيجيات التعلم المُوَلَّف عملية تطورية، يلزم من أجلها استكشاف إمكانات الفريق، والبنية التحتية للمؤسسة، ومدى تقبل المتدربين لأنماط التعلم الجديدة.<br />
بالنسبة للعديدين تكون المرحلة الأولى لبدء برنامج التعلم المُوَلَّف هي تكميل البرنامج التدريبي القائم سواء كان فصلا تدريبيا تقليديا، أو مكتبة لمحتويات التعلم الذاتي بنشاطات تعلم إلكترونية فورية قد تشمل التدريب، والفصول و الورش الافتراضية من أجل تطوير عملية التعلم ودمجها بشكل أفضل في بيئة العمل.<br />
وفي حال تطوير الخبرات واكتساب الثقة بالقدرة على استخدام الأدوات الرئيسة المتاحة، يكون من المناسب استثمار جهد أكبر في إعادة تصميم البرنامج التدريبي لتحقيق أكبر أثر ممكن على مجال العمل، وفيما يلي توضيح لعملية ذات مستوى عال من أجل التعامل مع بعض القرارات الأساسية في تصميم البرنامج التدريبي :<br />
يجب أن يبدأ أي برنامج تدريبي بأهداف واضحة للأداء المطلوب ومجال العمل، وتحديد لما يجب أن يكون المتعلم قادرا على القيام به بعد انتهاء البرنامج التعليمي من أجل التقدم في مجال العمل، وانطلاقا من هذه الأهداف يلزم القيام بعمليات التصميم التعليمي التحليلية، ويجب أن يراعي ذلك الخيارات الجديدة المتوفرة لعملية لتصميم، وتشمل عمليات التحليل ما يأتي :<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">ـ تحليل الفئة المستهدفة :</span><br />
تحليل الفئة المستهدفة أساسي من أجل التحقق من البدائل المتاحة لوسائل نقل المعرفة التي ستكون أكثر فاعلية في تحقيق أهداف الأداء المحددة، ويلزم لهذا التحليل مراعاة عوامل رئيسة عديدة تشمل ـ ولا تقتصرـ على الآتي :<br />
- المعرفة الأساسية : ما مدى التوافق في المعرفة التي جاء بها المتدربون؟ .<br />
- أنماط التعلم المفضلة : بينما تختلف أنماط التعلم باختلاف الأفراد، يلاحظ أن ذوي الخلفيات المتشابهة يشتركون في أنماط التعلم المفضلة؛ إذ يميل الأفراد من القطاع التجاري والمبيعات إلى أشكال التعلم التعاوني، والمرئي، واللفظي، وغير الخطي، في المقابل يلاحظ أن ذوي الخلفية في تقنية المعلومات والاتصال يميلون إلى أنماط التعلم الخطية والواقعية والملموسة والفردية، فما مدى التنوع في أنماط التعلم الذي يجب توفيره؟ .<br />
- الموقع : يجب تحديد المكان الذي سيكون فيه المتدربون، هل هم موزعون أو موجودون في مكان واحد؟ .<br />
- الدافعية : ما هو مستوى الجهد والعناء والكلفة التي يتقبلها المتدربون من أجل تحقيق التعلم المعروض.<br />
- الوصول : ما هي عناصر البرنامج التي تراها الفئة المستهدفة كفايات أساسية يجب اكتسابها مسبقا قبل أن تبرز الحاجة إليها، مقابل تلك التي يمكن الوصول إليها عند الحاجة أو الطلب .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">ـ تحليل المحتوى :</span><br />
يعد تحليل المحتوى مرشدا في عملية اختيار البدائل الأكثر مناسبة لنقل المعرفة، وهنا يجب مراعاة أثر هذه البدائل على مدى الاحتفاظ بالتعلم عند اختيار وسائل التفاعل بين الفئة المستهدفة والمحتوى، وتتوفر حاليا بدائل لم تكن متاحة في أغلب الفصول الدراسية (التدريبية) للنفاذ إلى المحتويات والأدوات المتنوعة والتفاعلات ثنائية الاتجاه، والألعاب والمحاكاة.<br />
إن بعض أشكال المحتوى (على سبيل المثال، التعديلات الكبيرة في السلوك، والمهارات البدنية المعقدة) لا يمكن أداؤها بفاعلية إلا من خلال أنماط التدريب المباشرة وجها لوجه، ومن المهم في هذه الحالة إدراك مدى الحيوية في المحتوى، فإطلاق منتج جديد على سبيل المثال ينتج عنه في العادة تحول سريع في المحتوى نتيجة لاستيعاب ودمج المعطيات التي ترد بشكل مستمر من ميدان العمل والتعامل مع العملاء، ولذلك ينبغي ـ في الغالب ـ أن تتوفر البرامج التي تتناول هذا ا لنوع من المحتوى بشكل فوري ومباشر لتسهيل تطوير المحتوى باستمرار وتعديله .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">ـ التحليل المالي :</span><br />
يؤدي التحليل المالي لكل من كلفة تطوير المحتوى وتوصيله دورا مهما في اتخاذ القرارات بشأن طريقة التوصيل المناسبة، فبرامج إيصال المحتوى التي يتعامل معها المستخدمون بسرعتهم الذاتية تعد منخفضة الكلفة إذا تمت مقارنتها بالطرق التي تعتمد الأسلوب الفوري في التعامل مع المحتوى live formats ، وفي المقابل قد تكون كلفة إنتاج هذه البرامج مرتفعة جدا ويحتاج تطويرها وقتا طويلا إذا كانت ذات مستوى عال من التفاعل وتستخدم تقنيات ووسائل تعليم متعددة.<br />
أما المحتوى الذي يقدم من خلال الفصول التدريبية أو التعلم الإلكتروني الفوري فيمكن تطويره بسرعة وبكلفة قليلة، وقد يكون أيضا ذا كلفة عالية، ولكن الدراسات أظهرت أنه على الرغم من الكلفة العالية للتعلم الفوري إلا أنه أكثر جدوى اقتصاديا ما لم يكن المحتوى مستقرا وسيتم توصيله للمتدربين لآلاف المرات أو أكثر .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">ـ البنية التحتية :</span><br />
قد تكون البنية التحتية عائقا أمام الاستفادة من بعض وسائل الاتصال المتاحة، فكثيرا ما تعوق محدودية القدرة الاستيعابية للفصول التدريبية السرعة التي يتم فيها تدريب مجتمع واسع من المتدربين، وكذلك فإن أحجام الشاشات وإمكانات النفاذ إلى الشبكات تختلف في الهواتف النقالة عنها في الحاسبات الشخصية، وما لم يكن المرء محظوظا فإنه لن يجد شبكة ذات حزمةِ تردُّد كافية لنقل صور فيديو كاملة الحركة، ولحسن الحظ فإن أغلب تقنيات التعلم الإلكتروني الشائعة تتوافق بشكل عام مع البنية التحتية المتوفرة، كونها تعمل في الشبكات ذات الحزم الترددية المنخفضة .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">* ـ فوائد التعلم المُوَلَّف :</span><br />
تنبع فكرة التعلم المُوَلَّف من أن التعلم عملية مستمرة وليس حدثا ينتهي في مرة واحدة، والتوليف يوفر فوائد متعددة مقارنة بأنماط التعلم التي توظف وسيلة اتصال واحدة، ومن هذه الفوائد ما يأتي :<br />
<span style="color: darkred;">1 ـ زيادة فاعلية التعلم :</span><br />
أظهرت دراسات حديثة وجود دلائل على أن استراتيجيات التعلم المُوَلَّف تحسن مخرجات التعلم من خلال توفير ارتباط أفضل بين حاجات المتعلم وبرنامج التعلم .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">2 ـ زيادة إمكانات الوصول للمعلومات :</span><br />
إن أنماط التعلم التي تقتصر على وسيلة اتصال واحدة تحدُّ إمكانات الوصول للمواد التعليمية والمعارف المهمة في موضوع التدريب، وعلى سبيل المثال تقصر برامج التدريب في الفصول الدراسية التقليدية إمكانات الوصول بالمشاركين الذين يوجدون في مكان وزمان محددين، في حين تشمل الفصول التدريبية الافتراضية الفئات المستهدفة التي توجد في أماكن متباعدة، ويمكن تجاوز مشكلة الوقت المحدد للتدريب إذا توفرت إمكانية تسجيل مجريات الفصل التدريبي وإتاحة الوصول إليها من قبل المتدربين الذين لم يتمكنوا من المشاركة في التدريب الفوري .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">3 ـ تحقيق الأفضل من حيث كلفة التطوير والوقت اللازم :</span><br />
يتيح ضم أو دمج أنماط توصيل مختلفة أمكانية تحقيق التوازن بين البرنامج التعليمي الذي يتم تطويره (بناؤه) وبين الكلفة والوقت اللازم لذلك، فقد يكون تطوير محتوى تدريبي شبكي بالكامل بأسلوب التعلم الذاتي وغني بالوسائط التعليمية مكلفا جدا، ولكن الدمج بين أنماط مختلفة (كالتعلم التعاوني الافتراضي، والجلسات التدريبية المعتادة، ومواد التعلم الذاتي البسيطة مثل الوثائق، ودراسات الحالة، وأحداث التعلم الإلكتروني المسجلة، وعروض البوربوينت) قد يكون بذات الكفاءة أو أكثر ولكن بكلفة أقل.<br />
4 ـ تحقيق أفضل النتائج في مجال العمل :<br />
تظهر المؤسسات من تطبيقاتها الأولية للتعلم المُوَلَّف نتائج استثنائية إذ وجد أن تحقيق الأهداف التعليمية قد تحقق بوقت أقل بنسبة 50% من الإستراتيجيات التقليدية، وتم تخفيض كلفة السفر والانتقال لأماكن التدريب إلى نحو 85% .<br />
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<span style="color: darkred;">* ـ الاستنتاج :</span><br />
بدأت المؤسسات تكتشف أن التعلم المُوَلَّف لا يوفر الوقت والكلفة فحسب، بل يقدم طريقة أكثر سلاسة للتعلم والعمل، والمؤسسات التي في صدارة هذا الجيل الجديد من التعلم سيكون لديها فريق عمل أكثر إنتاجية وتطبيقا للتغيير ونجاحا في تحقيق الأهداف، وكما يقال فإن قدرة المؤسسة على التعلم وتحويل ذلك التعلم بسرعة إلى عمل هو خير مصدر لتحقيق الأفضلية التنافسية.<br />
يجب على المؤسسات أن تنظر إلى أبعد من حدود فصول التدريب التقليدية من خلال المزاوجة بين أفضل الخبرات الحالية والمستجدات الحديثة في تقنيات التعلم من أجل تعظيم النتائج، والأهم من ذلك يجب على المؤسسات أن تسعى إلى إعداد كل فرد في المؤسسة ليصبح مشاركا فعالا في عملية التعلم والمشاركة .<br />
موقع/منهل الثقافة التربوية</div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-15290642036713529802011-04-01T08:52:00.000-07:002011-04-01T08:52:48.726-07:00الاختبارات الإلكترونية والتوظيف السليم<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u><span style="color: indigo;">الاختبارات الإلكترونية والتوظيف السليم </span></u>الاختبارات الإلكترونيةهي إحدى تقنيات الحاسب الآلي التي يمكن توظيفها للتغلب على بعض الصعوبات التي يمكن أن تعيق تنفيذ الاختبارات التقليدية (الورقية)، أو توظيفها لتوفير قنوات أخرى لزيادة التحصيل العلمي لدى الطالب وترسيخ المعلومات، وتنمية مهارة التعلم الذاتي.<br />
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ومن مميزات هذه الاختبارات :<br />
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1- نماذج مختلفة من الأسئلة.<br />
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2- أمكانية أرفاق ملف صوتي أو مقطع فيديو لكل سؤال.<br />
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3- أمكانية تحديد وقت زمني للاختبار عد تنازلي يراه الطالب .<br />
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4- أمكانية مراقبة الطلاب من جهاز المعلم أثناء أداء الاختبار.<br />
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5- يدخل كل طالب البيانات الخاصة به قبل دخول الاختبار.<br />
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6- تصحيح تلقائي و طباعة تقرير كامل لكل طالب مباشرة عند أنتهاء الاختبار.<br />
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مراحل إعداد الاختبارات الإلكترونية :<br />
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الجوانب النظرية والعملية لكل اختبار :-<br />
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أما الجوانب النظرية فتشمل :<br />
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المفاهيم التي ينبني عليها الاختبار. <br />
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أهدافه العامة والخاصة. <br />
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المكــــونات العـــامـة لبــنــائه، وخصـــائص أجزائه وأقسامه. <br />
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الأسس النظرية والفنية لصياغة أسئلته . <br />
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وأما التدريب العملي فيستند إلى :<br />
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- عرض لأنواع من الأسئلة ومناقشتها؛ وذلك لتعميق المفاهيم النظرية والمواصفات الفنية.<br />
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- تدريب جماعي على كتابة أسئلة تمثل مختلف أقسام الاختبار .<br />
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- كتابة أسئلة بصورة فردية (خارج الورشة) ليصـار إلى عرضـــها ومنـاقشــتها في جــلســـات خاصة. <br />
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وتتكرر مشاركة بعض الأشخاص في ورش العمل كل عام، ويضاف إليهم عناصر جديدة؛ وذلك سعياً إلى تراكم الخبرات وشيوعها.<br />
<br />
الكتابة :-<br />
------------<br />
يكلف كل كاتب بوضع أسئلة حسب تخصصه.<br />
-----------------------------------------------<br />
1. توخيا للسرية؛ يعطى كل كاتب رقماً خاصاً به، ترتبط به معلومات عنه، مثل: تخصصه، ودرجته العلمية، وخبراته العلمية والعملية.ويظل هذا الرقم مصاحباً للكاتب طيلة تعامله مع المركز. <br />
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2. ويعطى كل سؤال رقمًا خاصاً به؛ يصبح بمثابة الهوية الثابتة للسؤال في بنك معلومات الأسئلة، بصرف النظر عن استخدامه لاحقاً ضمن الاختبارات أم لا. <br />
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التحكيم :-<br />
-----------<br />
تقوم بتحكيم الأسئلة لجان يتكون كل منها من ثلاثة أعضاء :<br />
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- مختص في المجال المعرفي للاختبار . <br />
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- مختص في القياس. <br />
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- عضو من أصحاب الخبرة. <br />
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ويخضع كل سؤال بمفرده لأحد ثلاثة أحكام من قبل اللجنة :<br />
----------------------------------------------------------<br />
- قبوله كما هو . <br />
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- قبوله بعد تعديله من قبل اللجنة إن كانت تنطبق عليه شروط التعديل وضوابطه . <br />
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- الحكم بعدم صلاحيته.وتقوم اللجنة أيضاً، و وفقاً لاستبيان محدد، بالحكم على كل سؤال من عدة نواح، <br />
<br />
مثل: طبيعته، ومستوى صعوبته المقدّرة، وتناغمه مع الضوابط المضمونية للاختبار، وعدم تحيّزه، ودرجة جودته، وطبيعة التعديلات التي أجريت عليه ومداها (طفيفة، متوسطة، جذرية) والمبررات، في حال رفضه. <br />
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وهذه المعلومات كلها تحفظ في الحاسب مرتبطة بالرقم الخاص بكل سؤال.<br />
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الإدراج :-<br />
---------------<br />
تُدخل الأسئلة في الحاسب وفقاً لصيغ لجان التحكيم (أي ما توصلت إليه من تعديل للسؤال أو قبوله كما هو )، ويستثنى من ذلك الأسئلة التي حَكمت اللجان بأنها غير صالحة، وغير قابلة لأن تستصلح. <br />
<br />
<br />
المراجعة :-<br />
--------------<br />
تراجع الأسئلة كلها (النسخة الحاسوبية) مرة أخرى من قبل أربعة مراجعين من ذوي الاختصاص في الحقل، وذوي الخبرة في القياس؛ للتأكد من :<br />
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- التنفيذ الدقيق لتعديلات لجان التحكيم. <br />
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- دقة الرسوم الهندسية والبيانية ودقة الأرقام. <br />
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- الســـــلامة مـــن الأخـــطاء المطـــبعية واللغــــوية والإملائية. <br />
<br />
- التدقـيق، مـرة أخــــرى، في تناغــم الأســئلة مـع ضوابط الاختبار. <br />
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- الإجابة عن الأسئلة ( تكوين مفتاح إجابة). <br />
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- التصفية الأولية للأسئلة التي تبدوا صعبة من ناحــية البـناء أو الإجـــابة، أو من جــهة تجـــاوز الإجابة عنها الوقت المتاح لها. <br />
<br />
التجريب :-<br />
-------------<br />
تطرح الأسئلة ضمن أحد الاختبارات الفعلية الذي خضع لكافة المراحل السابقة (دون أن يعرف الطلاب أي الأسئلة تجريبي وأيها فعلي ) ويجري تصحيح هذه الأسئلة مع أسئلة الاختبار الفعلي، غير أنها لا تدخل في حساب نتيجة الطالب.<br />
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التحليل :-<br />
----------<br />
<br />
<br />
تحلل الأسئلة تحليلاً إحصائياً؛ تمهيداً لضم الصالح منها لقاعدة أسئلة الاختبار الفعلية، أما غير الصالح فيُستبعد نهائياً أو يُسْتَصْلح، ومن ثم يُجرَّب مرة أخرى.<br />
<br />
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التكوين :-<br />
-------------<br />
يكوَّن الاختبار في صورته النهائية بالاختيار العشوائي من بين الأسئلة المجرَّبة والمودعة في بنك الأسئلة، ولكن ضمن أجـــزاء الاخـــتبار المعتمدة وتفريعاته، بصورة تكفل التمثيل المناسب لأبعاد الاختبار كافة.<br />
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الإخراج :-<br />
--------------<br />
في هذه المرحلة يجري إخراج الاختبار ومراجعة الصورة النهائية له. وتُعَدُّ نسخ مختلفة من نموذج الاختبار لاستيعاب أكبر عدد من الأسئلة التجريبية ولتفادي نظر الطالب في ورقة زميله المجاور له، ثم يطبع الاختبار في كتيبات تتضمن التعليمات العامة، والخاصة بكل جزء وقسم.<br />
<br />
معادلة النماذج :-<br />
--------------------<br />
يمكن تبنى سياسية تعدد النماذج، وحرص على تلافي تفاوتها من حيث الصعوبة والتمييز، وطبيعة المحتوى؛ وذلك عن طريق معادلتها في أثناء تكوين الاختبار: حيث توازَن الأسئلة في مختلف النماذج بحيث تكون صعوبة الأسئلة وتمييزها شديدة التقارب، وضمن القيم المقرّة علمياً، وتعادل النماذج أيضاً من ناحية المعلومات المتعلقة بقدرة الاختبار على إظهار الفروق بين الطلاب. ومع أن من الثابت علمياً أن موازنة النماذج في أثناء تكوين الاختبار أكثر دقة (إذا اعتني بها) من موازنتها بعد انتهاء الاختبار؛ فإن المركز يقوم، أيضاً، بمعادلة النماذج معادلة (بعدية) أي بعد الاختبار؛ وذلك لضمان توازي الدرجات في مختلف النماذج.</span><span style="font-size: large;">المصادر:<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: indigo;">:-</span>----------------------------------------------------<br />
المحرر: أ.د.خالد حسن الحامدي<br />
-امين مركز تطوير الاداء الجامعي<br />
- جامعة المنصورة <br />
------------------------------------</span><br />
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<br />
<br />
<a href="http://directory.alnebras.com/show1713.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;">http://directory.alnebras.com/show1713.html</span></a> </div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-63830052694848575802011-04-01T08:29:00.000-07:002011-04-01T08:29:37.231-07:00إدارة وقت التعليم<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div class="floatr" id="mTitle" style="padding-bottom: 14px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 14px; padding-top: 14px;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">إدارة وقت التعليم</span></strong></div><span style="font-size: large;">بذهب طلابنا إلى المدرسة في الصباح الباكر ويعودون قبل العصر, فهل يقضون كل هذا الوقت في التعلم؟ أم أن الوقت الحقيقي المخصص للتعليم الفعال هو جزء قليل من اليوم الدراسي. وكم من هذا الوقت القليل يخصص للتعليم الإبداعي, وتنمية التفكير والتفكير المتباعد, والعمليات العقلية العليا, والتعليم المبني على استراتيجيات حديثة, مثل: حل المشكلات والتعليم المتمايز والاستقصاء والتعليم التعاوني والتعليم وفق الذكاءات المتعددة والتعليم وفق قبعات التفكير والكورت ... وما مدى ارتباط التعليم بالحياة ومهاراتها ومتطلباتها المختلفة؟ وكيف يوظف المعلمون أوقاتهم وأوقات طلابهم في المدرسة؟ وما هي أولوياتهم أثناء وجودهم فيها؟.<br />
<br />
هذه الأسئلة وغيرها كثير هي موضع تساؤل مثير وحقيقي وبحاجة إلى نظرة فاحصة مستبصرة قبل الإجابة عنها. ثم إن الوقت الذي يعتقد أنه يستغل للتعليم, هل يؤدي إلى النتيجة المطلوبة والمرجوة؟ أم أنه ناتج تعليمي تقليدي مرتبط بالامتحانات, وإعادة عكس الحقائق والمعلومات والتعميمات( التي حفظها الطلبة عن ظهر قلب ) على الورق مرة أخرى, والاستمرار على هذه الشاكلة الهشة حتى نهاية مراحل التعليم المختلفة.<br />
<br />
أثبتت الدراسات أن عدد ساعات العمل الخالص في الدول المتخلفة والنامية, لا تتجاوز ساعة واحدة في اليوم, بينما تصل إلى أكثر من ست ساعات في الدول المتقدمة. وإذا ثبت هذا الهدر الكبير في قطاع التعليم وهذا ليس بمستبعد, ويستدل عليه من خلال النتائج المحزنة التي نراها , فإنه يمكننا القول ببساطة أن مصيبة التعليم تكمن في ضياع الوقت المخصص له بدون فائدة. علما بأن الوقت مورد غير متجدد كما هو معروف, وإن حسن استغلاله يزيد من قيمته, ( الوقت هو المال ).<br />
<br />
هذه الأهمية للوقت تستدعي من المعلمين أن يغيروا نظراتهم ومعتقداتهم واتجاهاتهم نحوه وأساليبهم في إدارته والاستفادة القصوى منه, ضمن خطة راشدة يعيها المعلم بحس مستنير, مع ضرورة المراقبة والمتابعة لكيفية استغلال أوقات التعليم وأنشطته المختلفة من المسؤولين المباشرين عن التعليم والإدارة التربوية العليا.<br />
<br />
من الأسباب المباشرة لضياع وفقدان وقت التعليم:عدم تعبئة شاغر المعلم بالتعيين في الوقت المناسب, وغياب المعلم, وجلوسه في الصف بدون عمل بشكل جزئي أو كلي, والحديث الجانبي مع الطلبة في أمور لا تتعلق بالأهداف, وضياع الوقت في إجراءات ضبط الصف وحل المخالفات والسلوكات المزعجة, والقيام بأعمال يفترض في المعلم القيام بها خارج الغرفة الصفية, إضافة إلى كثير من الأسباب المباشرة وغير المباشرة التي لا يتسع المجال لذكرها. ولكن من المهم القول أن حرص المعلم وإخلاصه في مهنته وحبه لها, وتقوى الله, كلها شروط أساسية تؤدي إلى ازدهار وفاعلية التعليم وتعظيم مردوديته على عقليات طلابنا وتنميتها وتطويرها وتعزيز وغرس قيمة الوقت في نفوسهم .<br />
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وهذا يستدعي التفكير جديا في تدريب المعلمين على إدارة الوقت واستثماره, والحد من الهدر ومعالجة ملوثاته وتنمية مهارات تخطيطه لديهم, وعدم التسويف والتأجيل في واجبات المعلم نحو طلابه, وتفعيل الأوقات البينية بما يخدم العملية التعليمية التعلمية, والوصول بكل طالب إلى أقصى ما تستطيعه قدراته, حتى نصل في النهاية إلى تعليم متطور ومجتمع متقدم. </span><br />
<div><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div sizcache="3" sizset="41"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>المصدر</b>: </span><a href="http://shawamreh.do-goo.net/montada-f1/topic-t9.htm" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #445577; font-size: large;">http://shawamreh.do-goo.net/montada-f1/topic-t9.htm</span></a></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-43894142289194699122011-04-01T08:15:00.000-07:002011-04-01T08:15:47.199-07:00نماذج من الاتصال البصري بين المعلم والمتعلم<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><h2>نماذج من الاتصال البصري بين المعلم والمتعلم</h2><h2>وهو أسلوب يستخدمه المعلم ليبقي الطلاب تحت سيطرته، من خلال متابعته بنظره، فيوزع نظره على عموم الطلاب، حتى يعتقد كل طالب أنه المعنى بالكلام، فيلاحظ الغافل فينبهه، والمتلاعب فيزجره.<br />
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ وَالنَّبِيُّ (ص) يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَقَالَ: أَصَلَّيْتَ يَا فُلانُ؟ قَالَ: لا قَالَ: قُمْ فَارْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، رواه البخاري / 878.<br />
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والمعلوم أن منبر النبي (ص)كان يعلو ثلاث درجات، مما يتيح له التواصل البصري، وتوجيه النبي (ص) للرجل دليل واضح على ذلك.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">استخدام تعابير الوجه </span><br />
وهو أسلوب بعض المتعلمين، فإن هناك من تؤثر فيه النظرة الحادة، ومنهم من تؤثر فيه الابتسامة، والبشاشة أكثر من قولك له، أحسنت، فيعامل كل بحسبه. <br />
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رضي الله عنها قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (ص) إِذَا أَمَرَهُمْ، أَمَرَهُمْ، مِنْ الأَعْمَالِ بِمَا يُطِيقُونَ، قَالُوا: إِنَّا لَسْنَا كَهَيْئَتِكَ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ غَفَرَ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ، وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ، فَيَغْضَبُ حَتَّى يُعْرَفَ الْغَضَبُ فِي وَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَتْقَاكُمْ وَأَعْلَمَكُمْ بِاللَّهِ أَنَا. رواه البخاري / 19.<br />
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عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ (ص) سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ: (( اعْرِفْ وِكَاءَهَا، أَوْ قَالَ: وِعَاءَهَا وَعِفَاصَهَا ثُمَّ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً، ثُمَّ اسْتَمْتِعْ بِهَا، فَإِنْ جَاءَ رَبُّهَا فَأَدِّهَا إِلَيْهِ))، قَالَ: فَضَالَّةُ الإِبِلِ؟ فَغَضِبَ حَتَّى احْمَرَّتْ وَجْنَتَاهُ أَوْ قَالَ: احْمَرَّ وَجْهُهُ، فَقَالَ: (( وَمَا لَكَ وَلَهَا مَعَهَا سِقَاؤُهَا وَحِذَاؤُهَا تَرِدُ الْمَاءَ وَتَرْعَى الشَّجَرَ فَذَرْهَا حَتَّى يَلْقَاهَا رَبُّهَا)) قَالَ فَضَالَّةُ الْغَنَمِ ؟ قَالَ لَكَ، أَوْ لأَخِيكَ، أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ، . البخاري / 89.<br />
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وعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَائِشَةَ رضي الله عنها تَقُولُ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (ص) وَقَدْ سَتَرْتُ سَهْوَةً لِي بِقِرَامٍ فِيهِ تَمَاثِيلُ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ هَتَكَهُ، وَتَلَوَّنَ وَجْهُهُ، وَقَالَ: يَا عَائِشَةُ أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ عَذَابًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، الَّذِينَ يُضَاهُونَ بِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقَطَعْنَاهُ، فَجَعَلْنَا مِنْهُ وِسَادَةً أَوْ وِسَادَتَيْنِ. رواه مسلم / 3937.<br />
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وعَنْ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ مَا حَجَبَنِي النَّبِيُّ (ص) مُنْذُ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَلا رَآنِي إِلا تَبَسَّمَ فِي وَجْهِي، وَلَقَدْ شَكَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ إِنِّي لا أَثْبُتُ عَلَى الْخَيْلِ، فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ فِي صَدْرِي، وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْهُ وَاجْعَلْهُ هَادِيًا مَهْدِيًّا. رواه البخاري، 2809. (1)<br />
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<span style="color: red;">الاتصال السمعي بين المعلم والمتعلم</span><br />
1- طريقة السرد ( الشرح) <br />
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وهي طريقة متوسطة السرعة، يفصل فيها بين الكلمات، فلا تداخل بينها، لكي لا تشكل على المتعلم.<br />
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ (ص) كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ حَدِيثًا، لَوْ عَدَّهُ الْعَادُّ لأَحْصَاهُ، وَقَالَ: اللَّيْثُ حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ أَلا يُعْجِبُكَ أَبُو فُلانٍ جَاءَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَى جَانِبِ حُجْرَتِي يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ (ص) يُسْمِعُنِي ذَلِكَ، وَكُنْتُ أُسَبِّحُ فَقَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَقْضِيَ سُبْحَتِي وَلَوْ أَدْرَكْتُهُ لَرَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ (ص) لَمْ يَكُنْ يَسْرُدُ الْحَدِيثَ كَسَرْدِكُمْ. البخاري / 3303.<br />
2- عدم قطع السرد ( الشرح) <br />
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وهو أسلوب يستخدم عندما يسأل المتعلم عن شيء غامض، فيكره المعلم مقاطعة أفكار السامعين، حتى إذا ما قضى حديثه أجابه.<br />
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ (ص) فِي مَجْلِسٍ يُحَدِّثُ الْقَوْمَ جَاءَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: مَتَى السَّاعَةُ، فَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (ص) يُحَدِّثُ، فَقَالَ: بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ سَمِعَ مَا، قَالَ: فَكَرِهَ مَا، قَالَ: وَقَالَ: بَعْضُهُمْ بَلْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى حَدِيثَهُ، قَالَ: أَيْنَ أُرَاهُ السَّائِلُ عَنْ السَّاعَةِ، قَالَ: هَا أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: فَإِذَا ضُيِّعَتْ الأَمَانَةُ، فَانْتَظِرْ السَّاعَةَ، قَالَ: كَيْفَ إِضَاعَتُهَا، قَالَ: إِذَا وُسِّدَ الأَمْرُ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَهْلِهِ فَانْتَظِرْ السَّاعَةَ. رواه البخاري / 57.<br />
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من كتاب مهارات تدريس القرآن الكريم للشيخ / جمال القرش</h2></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-91796701548546591852011-01-17T08:23:00.001-08:002011-01-17T08:23:52.870-08:00استراتيجية التعلم التوليدي Generative Learning Strategy<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="background: white; direction: rtl; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">استراتيجية التعلم التوليدي </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Generative</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Learning Strategy</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span> <br />
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لقد اقترح أزوبورن ويتروك نموذجا للتغير المفاهيمي يقضي بتغيير المفاهيم البديلة لدي الطلاب حول ظاهرة ما ، واكسابهم فهما علميا سليما لتللك الظاهرة ، وكانت نقطة الانطلاق أن معرفة التعلم القبلية تعد شرطا أساسيا لبناء المعني حيث إن التفاعل بين معرفة المتعلم الجديدة ومعرفته القبلية تعد أحد المكونات المهمة في عملية التعلم ذي المعني ، فقد تكون هذه المعرفة بمثابة الجسر الحاجز الذي يمنع مرور هذه المعرفة إلي عقل المتعلم ، ولذلك يهتم نموذج التعلم التوليدي بصفة أساسية بتأثير الأفكار الموجودة في بنية الطلاب المعرفية والتي يتم علي أساسها اختيار المدخلات المحسوسة والاهتمام بها ، كما يهتم بالروابط التي تتولد بين المثيرات التي يتعرض الطلاب لها ومظاهر تخزينها في بنية الطلاب المعرفية وتكوين المعني من المدخلات المحسوسة والمعلومات التي يتم استرجاعها من البنية المعرفية للطلاب ، وكذلك يهتم بتقويم المعاني التي تم التوصل إليها .<br />
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الملامح الأساسية لإستراتيجية التعلم التوليدي :<br />
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1- إن الأفكار الموجودة في البنية المعرفية لتعلم لدي الطلاب تؤثر علي المعلومات التي بحصلون عليها من حواسهم ، <br />
2- إن الأفكار الموجودة في بنية الطلاب المعرفية تؤثر علي نوعية المعلومات التي يحصلون عليها من حيث الاهتمام بها أو تجاهلها <br />
3- المدخل المحسوس الذي يختاره المعلم لتوصيل المعلومات للطلاب ليس له نفس المعني بالضرورة عند طلابه .<br />
4- يربط المتعلم بين المعلومات الجديدة وتلك الموجودة في بنيته المعرفية السابقة بحيث يكون للتعلم الجديد معني وهدف .<br />
5- يقوم المتعلم باختبار المعني الذي توصل إليه من خلال مقارنته بالمعاني الأخرى الموجودة في بنيته المعرفية أو بالمعاني التي تم التوصل إليها كنتيجة للمدخلات الحسية الأخرى، واختبار المعني يتضمن توليد الروابط التي تتعلق بالظواهر الأخرى المختزنة في البنية المعرفية للمتعلم، هل يرتبط المعني الجديد الذي تم تكوينه جيدا بالأفكار الأخرى المرتبطة به والتي يمكن تكوينها من الأشياء الخزنة في بنيته المعرفية، هل تتفق الفكرة الجديدة التي تم تكوينها مع الأفكار الجديدة الموجودة .<br />
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7- بناء علي ذلك تحدث عملية تخزين المعلومات في بنية المتعلم وتزداد هذه العملية قوة كلما زادت الروابط بين المعرفة الجديدة والمعلومات القديمة وكلما تحمل المتعلم الجزء الأكبر من عملية تعلمه . <br />
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وعند استخدام استراتيجية التعلم التوليدي ينبغي التأكيد علي استخدام المدخلات الحسية ما أمكن ذلك ، وطرح أسئلة للتعلم من قبل الطلاب وتبادل الأراء ونقد الأفكار ، وإيجاد طرق متنوعة وجسور متعددة لربط التعلم السابق بالتعلم اللاحق ،والتطبيق العملي للمعلومات .<br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نموذج</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">كتطبيق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لنظرية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فيجوتسكي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وهي</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نظرية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التطور</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الإجتماعي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وهو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أحد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">البنائيين</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يعكس</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نموذج</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">رؤية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فيجوتسكي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويتكون</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أربع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مراحل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أطوار</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تعليمية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وهي</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> : </span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطور</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التمهيدي</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>:Preliminary </span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وفيها</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يمهد</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للدرس</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">خلال</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المناقشة</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الحوارية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وإثارة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الأسئلة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويستجيب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطلاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إما</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالإجابة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">اللفظية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الكتابة</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">دفاترهم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">اليومية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فاللغة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والطلاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تصبح</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أداة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نفسية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للتفكير</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والتحدث</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والعمل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والرؤية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وفي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هذه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المرحلة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تتضح</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفاهيم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">اليومية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لدى</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلمين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">خلال</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">اللغة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والكتابة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والعمل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ومحورها</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التفكير</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الفردي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للطلاب</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تجاه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفهوم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطور</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التركيزي</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> (</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">البؤرة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>)Focus </span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وفيها</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يوجه</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطلاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للعمل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مجموعات</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">صغيرة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فيصل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعرفة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">اليومية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والمعرفة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المستهدفة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">, </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويركز</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عمل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطلاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">على</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفاهيم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المستهدفة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تقديم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المصطلحات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العلمية</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وإتاحة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الفرصة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للمفاوضة</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والحوار</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المجموعات</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">, </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فيمر</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطلاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بخبرة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفهوم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطور</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعارض</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> (</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التحدي</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>) Challenge</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هذا</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطور</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يقود</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مناقشة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الفصل</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالكامل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إتاحة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الفرصة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للطلاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للمساهمة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بملاحظاتهم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وفهمهم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ورؤية</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أنشطة</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الفصل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالكامل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ومساعدتهم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالدعائم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعليمية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المناسبة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">, </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إعادة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تقديم</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المصطلحات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العلمية</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">, </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والتحدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ما</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">كان</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يعرفه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطور</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التمهيدي</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وما</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عرفه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أثناء</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">طور</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التطبيق</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> Application </span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وتستخدم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفاهيم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العلمية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">كأدوات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وظيفية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لحل</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المشكلات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وإيجاد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نتائج</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وتطبيقات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مواقف</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">حياتية</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">جديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">كما</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تساعد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">على</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">توسيع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نطاق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفهوم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نظرية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التكامل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">النشط</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للأفكار</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">اسكيمات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الموجودة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وتنقسم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">استراتيجيات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إلى</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أربع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عناصر</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويمكن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تستعمل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">كل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إستراتيجية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">على</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">حدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">او</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ترتبط</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إحداها</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالأخرى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لنيل</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هدف</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وهي</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الاستدعاء</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> Recall</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الاستدعاء</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">سحب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الذاكرة</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">طويلة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المدى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للمتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والهدف</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الاستدعاء</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">معلومات</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تستند</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">على</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الحقيقة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">, </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الاستدعاء</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تقنيات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مثل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التكرار</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> , </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التدريب</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>,</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الممارسة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المراجعة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وأساليب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تقوية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الذاكرة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التكامل</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> Integration</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التكامل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مكاملة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للمعرفة</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالعلم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المسبق</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> ,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وهدف</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التكامل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تحويل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إلى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">شكل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يسهل</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تذكره</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">, </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وطرق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التكامل</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إعادة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الصياغة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> (</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">خلاصة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">صيغة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">قصصية</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">) ,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التلخيص</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span></strong></span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يعيد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">رواية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المحتوى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويشرحه</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بدقة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">),</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">توليد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الأسئلة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وتوليد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتناظرات</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التنظيم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> Organization</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التنظيم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ربط</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المسبق</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والأفكار</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">طرق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ذات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مغزى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تقنيات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مثل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تحليل</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الأفكار</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الرئيسية</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التخليص</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التصنيف</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التجميع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وخرائط</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفاهيم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الإسهاب</span></strong><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Elaboration</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الإسهاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">اتصال</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المادة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالمعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الأفكار</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عقل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلم</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويهدف</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الإسهاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إلى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إضافة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الأفكار</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إلي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وتتضمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">طرق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الإسهاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">توليد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الصور</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العقلية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وإسهاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">جمل</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بناء</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعرفة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يعتمد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">على</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعالجة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العقلية</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">النشطة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للتصورات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويؤدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">على</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الفهم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الذي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ينتج</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعالجة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدية</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وتتضمن</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعالجة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الربط</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المسبق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لبناء</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تراكيب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">معرفية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أكثر</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">اتقانا</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> , </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وهي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ضرورية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لترجمة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وحل</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المشكلات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويتصف</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بعمق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مستوى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعالجة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للمعلومات</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">. </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وفي</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الحقيقة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فإن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المادة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يتم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تذكرها</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بشكل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أفضل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">حالة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">قبل</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بدلا</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تقديمها</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مجردة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للمتعلم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ومن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">خواص</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أن</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلمون</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يشاركون</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بشكل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نشط</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عملية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويولدون</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعرفة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بتشكيل</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الارتباطات</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العقلية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفاهيم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فعندما</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يحلل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطلاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مادة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">جديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يدمجون</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الأفكار</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المسبق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وعندما</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تتطابق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هذه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يتم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بناء</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">علاقات</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وتراكيب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عقلية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">جديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لديهم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويوجد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نوعين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">النشاطات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هي</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>: </span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">النشاطات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تولد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العلاقات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التنظيمية</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أجزاء</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أمثلة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ذلك</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إبداع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عناوين</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أسئلة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أهداف</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">, </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">خلاصات</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">رسوم</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بيانية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وأفكار</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">رئيسية</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2- </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">النشاطات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تولد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العلاقات</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتكاملة</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ما</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يسمعه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يراه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يقرأه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">معلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">جديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والعلم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المسبق</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للمتعلم</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وأمثلة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ذلك</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إعادة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">صياغة</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تناظرات</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">استدلالات</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تفسيرات</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وتطبيقات</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">والفرق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">النشاطين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">النشاط</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الثاني</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يعالج</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المحتوى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعليمي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بشكل</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أعمق</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويؤدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إلي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مستوى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عالي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الفهم</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فالتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عملية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نشطة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فهي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عملية</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بناء</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">صلات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعرفة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">القديمة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">كم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الأفكار</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لاءمت</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نسيج</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المفاهيم</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعروفة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">عند</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الفرد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فجوهر</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نموذج</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التوليدي</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العقل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الدماغ</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ليس</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مستهلك</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">سلبي</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">للمعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فبدلا</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ذلك</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يبني</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تفسيراته</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الخاصة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المخزنة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لديه</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ويكون</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">استدلالات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">منها</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ودور</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يكمن</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">مساعدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطلاب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">توليد</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الوصلات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يساعدهم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">على</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الربط</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بين</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الأفكار</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الجديدة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بعضها</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">البعض</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بالعلم</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المسبق</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لديهم</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> , </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فالعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يدفع</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">أو</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يوجه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الطالب</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">لإيجاد</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تلك</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">الارتباطات</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">فالتعليم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ينتقل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">هنا</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">من</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تجهيز</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعلومات</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">إلى</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">تسهيل</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">بناء</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">نسيج</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المعرفة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>,</span></strong></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">وبهذه</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">النظرة</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">يتم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التركيز</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">على</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">المتعلم</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">في</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">العملية</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">التعليمية</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>[/size]</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><a href="http://wessam.allgoo.us/t9974-topic"><span dir="ltr" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">http://wessam.allgoo.us/t9974-topic</span></span></a></span></b><span dir="ltr" style="mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-12730121724515347582010-12-18T12:17:00.000-08:002010-12-18T12:17:16.660-08:00المنـهج الرقمي Digital Curriculum<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">المنـهج الرقمي </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">Digital Curriculum</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></strong></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أد/ مجدي رجب اسماعيل</span></strong></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فرضت تداعيات العلوم وتقنيات العصر تحديات كبيرة على الأمم دفعتها إلى إحداث تغيرات سريعة ومتتابعة في نظمها التربوية ، وأملت عليها إعادة النظر في مناهجها التربوية والتعليمية ، ولمجابهة هذه التحديات تضاعفت الحاجة إلى تطوير بنية التعليم بتحديث طرائقه وأساليبه ومناهجه كي يتقبلها ويفيد منها المتعلم الذي تحيط به وسائل تقنية المعلومات والاتصال من كل جانب ويتعرض للمعلومات في كل زمان ومكان . ويستدعي هذا التحديث الاعتماد على الوسائل الإلكترونية بديلاً ملحاً ومتطلباً آنياً يتيح للطلاب إمكانية اكتساب المهارات الأساسية التي تعينهم في تعاملهم مع العصر الرقمي الذي يجتاح مناحي الحياة كلها . ودون الاستثمار الجدي والفعال لهذه المهارات ستعجز المدارس والمناهج الدراسية عن إعداد جيل ممسك بمعطيات المعرفة العلمية .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>ولذا ظهر مفهوم المنهج الرقمي كأحد المفاهيم التي يدور حوله كثير من النقاش والجدل الناتج عن اختلاف الفلسفات التربوية ، وتباين أساليب الاستخدام والتوظيف الذي انعكس على التحديد الإجرائي لهذا المفهوم ، حيث ير ى البعض أن المنهج الرقمي أحد المفاهيم التي دخلت في التعليم الإلكتروني ، في حين يرى آخرون أن المنهج الرقمي هو المنهج التكنولوجي الذي يعبر عن منظومة إنتاجية تسعى إلى استخدام وتطبيق التكنولوجيا وما تقتضيه من تشغيل منطقي للعمليات العقلية في عرض وتخزين وتحليل واستدعاء المعلومات للعملية التعليمية من خلال مواد وبرامج ذات أهداف سابقة التحديد ، وإلى استخدام خطوات تتابعيه في عملية التعلم مبنية على أسس من علم السلوك بما يتضمنه من نظرية التعلم السلوكية والتعلم الشرطي التاثيري أو الإجرائي (وليم عبيد،مجدي عزيز،1999،81)، بينما يرى فريق ثالث والذي يميل له البحث الحالي أن المنهج الرقمي هو محاولة لرقمنة المناهج بجميع عناصرها الأساسية المتعارف عليها بشكل عام (الأهداف ، المحتوى ، طرائق التدريس، أساليب التقويم) ، في حين يحصر آخرون مفهوم المنهج الرقمي في المحتوى المعرفي بعد معالجته ليصبح فاعلاً بدرجة عالية في تحقيق التعليم الذاتي للطالب من خلال الحاسب الآلي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( مجلة المناهج ،2002،21).</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ورقمنة المناهج </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">Digitalization Curriculum </span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: يقصد بها الباحث في البحث الحالي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>هو تحويل المعلومات والمفاهيم العلمية والتعميمات والنظريات والقوانين والنصوص والأشكال والأصوات والتجارب وغيرها من مكونات منهج العلوم إلى سلاسل الصفر والواحد ( وفقاً لنظام الأعداد الثنائي الذي يعمل على أساسه الكمبيوتر ونظم المعلومات ) حتى تصبح قابلة للمعالجة الآلية والانصهار والدمج في الوسائط المتعددة المختلفة ؛كما تشمل عملية الرقمنة تقنيات متقدمة لانسيابية تدفق المعلومات المرئية والسمعية بأسلوب الاتصال المباشر بحيث يمكن دمجها فور بثها في الخدمات التي تقدمها مواقع الإنترنت ، والتي يستفيد منها كل من الوسيط الرقمي والمتعلم للمنهج (نبيل علي ، نادية حجازي ،2005،134) .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">و يؤكد (عبد الله الهدلق،1420هـ) أنه في<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>عصر المعلومات والاتصال ، بإمكان الطلاب من كل الأعمار وعلى اختلاف قدراتهم أن يتعاملوا بصرياً </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">visualize</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span> مع المعلومات ، وأن يتفاعلوا معها من خلال ما يقدمه المنهج الرقمي من مفاهيم علمية بتوظيف تقنية المعلومات ، ويوضح ذلك من خلال المثال التالي: بإمكان فصل دراسي يدرس الطقس ، على سبيل المثال ، أن يرى صور أقمار صناعية محاكية مبنية على نموذج لظروف أرصادية افتراضية .وسيطرح الطلاب أسئلة "ماذا لو؟" ،مثل ما الذي يحدث لطقس اليوم التالي لو زادت سرعة الرياح بمقدار 50 كيلو في الساعة " .وسينمذج الحاسب النتائج المتوقعة ، عارضاً على الشاشة المنظومة المناخية المحاكية كما قد تبدو من الفضاء.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وفي ضوء ذلك يرى (بدر الصالح ،2002، 23) أن المنهج الرقمي يمثل شكلاً جديداً من أشكال الاتصال بين معرفة الخبير والمتعلم . وبدلاً من المنهج التقليدي الذي يحصل عليه المتعلم غالباً عن طريق الاتصال بالكتاب والمعلم ، أصبح هذا الاتصال رقمياً من خلال الشبكة المعلوماتية أو من خلال وسيط رقمي آخر مثل الأقراص المدمجة .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>إن المنهج الرقمي كنموذج تربوي جديد كما يشير كل من </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>(Tnilling & Hood,1999,PP5-17) </span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">يعتمد على دمج ثلاثة عناصر رئيسية تقوم حالياً بتوجيه وتشكيل هذا النموذج بدرجات متفاوتة تبعاً لمدى اندماج هذه العناصر وهي : الطلب الجديد والمتزايد لمهارات جديدة للعمل في عصر المعرفة ، والإمكانات الهائلة التي تقدمها تقنية المعلومات والاتصالات ، وتغير النظرة حول الكيفية التي تحدث بها عملية التعلم .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ويحدد مشروع المناهج الرقمية بوزارة التربية والتعليم بالمملكة العربية السعودية ، الإدارة العامة للمناهج ، والمعروف بمشروع "وطني نت" أهداف المناهج الرقمية في الآتي (وزارة المعارف ،2000،32) :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1ـ توفير بيئة تعليمية غنية بالمصادر .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2ـ إعادة صياغة الأدوار التي تتم بها عملية التعليم والتعلم بما يتوافق مع مستجدات الفكر التربوي .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3ـ إيجاد الحوافز وتشجيع التواصل بين منظومة العملية التعليمية كالتواصل بين البيت والمدرسة ، والمدرسة والبيئة المحيطة .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4 ـ نمذجة التعليم وتقديمه في صورة معيارية . فالدروس تقدم في صورة نموذجية والممارسات التعليمية المتميزة يمكن إعادة تكرارها .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5ـ تناقل الخبرات التربوية من خلال إيجاد قنوات اتصال ومنتديات تمكن جميع المهتمين بالعملية التعليمية من المناقشة وتبادل الآراء والتجارب بما يحقق تطوير المناهج الدراسية بصفة خاصة والعملية التعليمية بصفة عامة .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6ـ إعداد أجيال من المعلمين والطلاب قادرين على التعامل مع التقنية ومهارات العصر .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7ـ المساعدة على نقل التقنية في المجتمع وتوظيفها بما يحقق النمو والتقدم العلمي . </span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>مما سبق يخلص البحث الحالي إلى تعريف للمنهج الرقمي </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">Digital Curriculum</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span>: "هو شكل من أشكال التعليم الإلكتروني ، وهو مجموعة الخبرات التربوية والعلمية التي يتم توفيرها للمتعلم عن طريق الإمكانات الهائلة التي تقدمها تقنية المعلومات والاتصالات ، وهو يمثل شكلاً جديداً من أشكال الاتصال بين معرفة الخبير والمتعلم ويكون هذا الاتصال رقمياً من خلال شبكة المعلومات أو من خلال وسيط رقمي آخر مثل الأقراص المدمجة" .</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>تصـميم المنهـج الرقمي :</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>يجمع بعض صانعي المناهج ومطوريها أمثال </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>(Mckenzie,2000,P.5)</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span> أن المنهج الرقمي يدعم الثقافة المعلوماتية للمتعلمين ويساعد على إعدادهم وتهيئتهم لعالم موجه بالتقنية ، إذا أحسن تصميمه وتطويره . </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">المعايير التي في ضوئها يتم تصميم المنهج الرقمي :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وحتى يتحقق هذا تم وضع مجموعة من المعايير التي في ضوئها يتم تصميم المنهج الرقمي وهي (وزارة المعارف ،2002،24-25) :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أولاً : أن يكون تطوير المنهج ضمن خطة شاملة معتمدة على التقنية ، تأخذ في الحسبان العناصر الرئيسية التالية :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> أن يخضع تصميم المنهج الرقمي وتطويره لمبادئ التصميم التعليمي المعتمدة على نظرية أو فلسفة معينة تلبي حاجات متعلمين معينين ومنهج دراسي معين .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> تدريب المعلمين لتوظيف المنهج الرقمي في التعلم من منظور مختلف كلياً عن المنهج التقليدي الذي خبرة .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> إدخال التعديلات المطلوبة لتيسير دمج المنهج الرقمي في تعليم العلوم .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ثانياً: إذا صمم محتوى المنهج الرقمي بحيث :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 16.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list 30.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.35pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">لا يجبر المتعلم على إتباع مسار محدد ، وإنما يمكنه من التحكم بتسلسل في محتوى المنهج .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 16.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list 30.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.35pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">يقدم المفاهيم العلمية على هيئة مهام هادفة ومشكلات ذات علاقة بالعالم الواقعي .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 16.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list 30.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.35pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">يتمحور حول مفاهيم أساسية تركز على الفهم المتعمق وإستراتيجيات البحث وليس تغطية محتوى كبير واسع .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ثالثاً: يحفز الطلاب على المشاركة الفعالة في الأنشطة العلمية لتعلم مفاهيم المنهج وذلك من خلال:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 16.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list 30.75pt 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.35pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أن يكون الطالب مسؤولاً عن تعلمه من خلال البحث عن المعرفة والفهم الموجه بأسئلة وقضايا تعتمد على فضول الطالب وافتراضاتهم منطلقاً لهذا البحث . </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 16.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list 30.75pt 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.35pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أن يشعر الطالب بالإثارة والدافع في حل المشكلات التي يقدمها المنهج الرقمي . هذا الشعور مبني على نشاط تفاعلي يشعر الطالب بأهميته وقيمته . </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 16.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list 30.75pt 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.35pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أن يشجع المنهج الرقمي الطالب على الاختيارات الفاعلة المتعمقة لإستراتيجيات البحث والحل .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 16.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list 30.75pt 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.35pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b style="mso-ansi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>·</span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أن يتعلم الطالب من خلال التعامل مع مهام تعلم حقيقية وتكاملية .</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>ويتبع في تصميم دروس العلوم وفقاً للمنهج الرقمي نموذج التعلم الذاتي في التصميم السلوكي والمعرفي ، الذي يبدأ بصوغ الأهداف ، وتحليل المحتوى العلمي ، واختيار الطرائق والإستراتيجيات واستخدامها ، وإجراء التطبيقات والتدريبات والتقويم البنائي لبناء التعلم ، والتقويم التراكمي للتقدم التدريجي خطوة خطوة ، حتى تكتمل الأهداف والأغراض الدراسية في نهاية الدرس كما يقيسها الاختبار (أحمد الدبسي،2002،99) </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>ويحدد (حسام مازن ،2004،46) ست مراحل /خطوات رئيسية لمنظومة منهج تعليمي إلكتروني (المنهج الرقمي) هي :</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تحديد وتحليل المادة العلمية إلى مجموعة من الأطر الصغيرة التي يسهل تعلمها.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">صياغة الأهداف التعليمية السلوكية في عبارات قابلة للملاحظة والقياس .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">جمع محتويات المادة العلمية وإعداد التصميمات الخاصة بالبرمجة الإلكترونية .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كتابة البرنامج وإعداده حاسوبياً .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تجريب البرنامج المحوسب ثم تعديله في ضوء التطبيق المبدئي .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0.25in 0pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.05in; tab-stops: list .45in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الوصول بالبرنامج إلى الصيغة النهائية القابلة للتطبيق والتعميم .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أما (نبيل علي ،نادية حجازي ،2005،111) يشترطان عند تصميم المحتوى الخاص بالتعلم الإلكتروني المرتبط بالمنهج الرقمي تحقيق المعايير التالية :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1ـ إلا يكون المنهج قياسياً، ثابتاً ومحدداً ، يصلح لكل بيئات الفصول ومستويات العقول . من جانب أخر يتطلب النمو المتسارع للمعرفة العلمية أن يتسم المنهج بالدينامية في سرعة توظيف المعارف والخبرات المكتسبة وإحلالها بأخرى جديدة .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2ـ أن يكون محتوى المنهج ذا بعد معرفي وأخلاقي ، وعدم حرمان المتعلم من معارف ربما تكون حيوية بالنسبة إلى تنميته ذهنياً ومطالب حياته العلمية .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3ـ ضرورة تركيز المحتوى العلمي للمنهج على المفاهيم الأساسية والأفكار العلمية المحورية ، وهذا يتطلب من مصممي محتوى المنهج الإلمام بأسس نظرية المعرفة ومهارات استخدام مخططات المفاهيم </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">Conceptual graphs</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span> والشبكات الدلالية </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">Semantic nets</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span> .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4ـ أن يتم بناء محتوى المنهج على هيئة وحدات معرفية صغيرة </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">Modules</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span> مما يجعل المادة التعليمية ذات قابلية للتشكيل لتلبية المطالب التعليمية المختلفة .</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5ـ تجسيد المفاهيم المجردة في هيئة المحسوس وذلك من خلال أساليب "الترئية" </span></b><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">Visualization </span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>التي تتيحها تقنية المعلومات.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ونخلص في هذا الجانب إلى أن تصميم المنهج الرقمي يجب : أن يحقق التحول من بيئات تعلم مغلقة معتمدة المنهج التقليدي والمعلم والكتاب كمصادر وحيدة للمعرفة العلمية ، وموجهة بوساطة المعلم ، إلى بيئات تعلم مفتوحة ومرنة وغنية بالمصادر التقنية الموجهة بوساطة المتعلم . بيئات تعلم لا تعتمد على التقنية فقط ، وإنما على نظرية تربوية في بناء المناهج ، وأفكار تربوية في طرق التدريس التي يمكن أن توجه من خلال التطبيقات التقنية في تعلم العلوم ووفق خطوات أو مراحل علمية.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الأساس النظري والفلسفي (النظرية) الذي يعتمد عليه تصميم المنهج الرقمي:</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>إن التقنية بذاتها لا تدرَس ، وإنما المعلم (أو المصمم) هو الذي يقوم بذلك ، وبعبارة أخرى ، إن الأساس النظري والفلسفي هو الذي يحدد أسلوب تصميم المنهج الرقمي وبنائه وتطويره ، وسيعرض الباحث نموذجين لدور التقنية في التعليم ليحدد النظرية الذي يتبناها البحث الحالي في تصميم المنهج الرقمي وهما : </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>النموذج الأول : أثرت المدرسة السلوكية فى التربية والتعليم إلى درجة كبيرة . في هذا النموذج تستخدم التقنية كوسائط ( أو المعلم ) لنقل التعليم . بهذا الأسلوب تخزن المعلومات في التقنية خلال العملية التعليمية ، يستقبل المتعلم المعلومات ويحاول فهم المحتوى المخزن فيها خلال تفاعله معه . هذا التفاعل لا يتجاوز ضغط أزرار معينة لكي يستمر عرض المعلومات أو الاستجابة لأسئلة معينة غالباً ما تكون حول مدى صحة الاستجابة . وحتى وقت قريب كان أغلب التقنيات التي أُنتجت واستخدمت في التعليم هي مواد مسبقة التصميم بحيث لا يترك للمتعلم أو المعلم أية فرصة للتحكم ، هذا النموذج سلوكي: المعلم ( أو أي وسيط آخر ) يقدم مثيراً يتطلب استجابة يعقبها تعزيز . أي التقنية في هذا النموذج تستخدم كأداة للتعليم .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>النموذج الثاني : رغم وجود النظرية البنيوية منذ أكثر من مائة عام ، إلا أنها وجدت قبولا<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في السنوات الأخيرة من قبل صانعي المناهج ومطوريها ، نظراً لإمكانات التقنية الهائلة التي يمكن من خلالها تفعيل مفاهيم هذه النظرية وافتراضاتها ، إضافة إلى أن لا يمكن للمعلم أن يقوم بأدواره التقليدية في بيئة تعليمية متعددة وغنية بالمصادر التقنية . وتستخدم التقنية في هذا النموذج كأداة لتيسير استقصاءات المتعلم في بيئة غنية بالمصادر تقدم المحتوى العلمي ضمن سياقه الحقيقي، والمعرفة ليست منتجاً ينقل للمتعلم ، وإنما نشاط تفاعلي يدعم بواسطة التقنية ،ويصبح المعلم ميسراً للتعلم . في هذا النموذج أصبح التعلم وليس التدريس هو الجزء الحيوي من التربية ، ويتحول التركيز من المدخلات إلى المخرجات ، أي التقنية في هذا النموذج تستخدم كأداة لبناء التعلم (بدر الصالح،2000،23) .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>ولعل من أهم مضامين النظرية البنائية ، عدم استخدام التقنية كأداة للتعليم ، وإنما استخدمها كأدوات لبناء التعلم ، ويتضح ذلك في المبادئ والأسس التي ترتكز عليها تلك النظرية ونماذجها التدريسية ؛ والتي يمكن إجمالها فيما يلي (رجب الميهي،2003،3) :</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>1ـ ضرورة بدء الموقف التعليمي بتهيئة حوافز مثيرة للطالب تدفعه لأن يقبل على التعليم بشغف ورغبه .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>2ـ يجب على المعلم صياغة عدد محدد من الأهداف التعليمية التي يجب أن يحققها الطلاب بعد دراستهم للمواد التعليمية المتنوعة ، وممارستهم للأنشطة التعليمية المتعددة المقترحة لكل موضوع.</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>3ـ لابد من عرض المحتوى العلمي لكل موضوع بأشكال مختلفة ؛ لفظياً ، وبالاستعانة بالصور الثابتة والمتحركة ، والرسوم التخطيطية والتوضيحية ،وبالاستعانة بالرياضيات، وبالكمبيوتر …وغيرها ، مما يساعد الطلاب على استيعاب ذلك المحتوى .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>4ـ يجب تحديد الأنشطة التعليمية التي سينفذها الطلاب ، شريطة أن تكون تلك الأنشطة على درجة كبيرة من التنوع .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>5ـ التأكيد على الدور الإيجابي الفعال للطلاب أثناء عملية التعلم ، من خلال قيام الطلاب بالعديد من الأنشطة التعليمية ضمن مجموعات أو فرق عمل .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>6ـ يجب التركيز على التعلم التعاوني التفاعلي انطلاقاً من أن الطالب يبني خبراته بشكل أفضل من خلال تعاونه وتفاعله مع غيره من الطلاب .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>7ـ يجب توفر وسائل تقويم مناسبة تساعد في التحقق من حدوث التعلم لدى الطلاب.</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>8ـ لابد أن يصل الطالب في تعلمه إلى مستويات متقدمة في التحصيل والإنجاز .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>من خلال عرض النموذجين السابقين والمبادئ والأسس التي تبنى عليها النظرية البنائية ونرى أن أنسب النموذجين في بناء وتصميم المنهج الرقمي وتطويره هو النموذج الثاني الذي يعتمد على النظرية البنيوية ، وذلك يرجع إلى ما يلي:</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>1ـ في بيئة التعلم البنيوية يكون المتعلم نشطاً، وتستخدم التقنية كأداة لتيسير استقصاء المتعلم في بيئة غنية بالمصادر تقدم المحتوى ضمن سياقه الحقيقي في هذه البيئة ، المعرفة ليست شيئاً (أو منتجاً) ينقل للمتعلم ، وإنما نشاط تفاعلي (عملية) يدعم بواسطة التقنية . ويوجَه المتعلم تعلمه مستعيناً بمصادر التقنية ، ويصبح المعلم ميسراً للتعلم ، كما يصبح التعلم وليس التدريس هو الجزء الحيوي من التربية ، أي تحول التركيز من المدخلات إلى المخرجات .</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>2ـ إن نظرية التعلم البنيوية تقدم علاجاً لمشكلتين رئيستين في التعلم هما: مشكلة الحافز ومشكلة نقل التعلم إلى مواقف جديدة من خلال تقديم مهام التعلم في مواقف حقيقية ونشاطات تفاعلية يقوم فيها المتعلم بدور نشط ويتحكم بتعلمه ويوَجه هذا التعلم (بدر صالح ،2002،24).</strong></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3ـ إن إدارة المتعلم لتعلمه ذاتياً تساعده على أن يشارك في التخطيط لتعلمه ويختار وينفذ ويتدرب على إستراتيجيات التعلم والتقويم الذاتي لخطط تعلمه وبذلك يصبح متعلماً منظماً ذاتياً للمعرفة </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;">Self-Regulated Learner </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">يقوم بإنجاز مهامه مدفوعاً برغبته الذاتية وكفاءة فاعلة </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>(Wolters,2003,189) </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span></strong></div><div class="MsoBodyText3" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: list 35.25pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>4ـ إن من أهم مضامين النظرية البنيوية هو عدم استخدام التقنية كأداة للتعليم ، وإنما استخدامها كأدوات لبناء التعلم ، أدوات يتعلم الطالب معها وليس منها ؛ وهذا يتطلب تحولاً في دور التقنية التقليدية إلى التقنية كشريك في عملية التعلم .</strong></span></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-1567368156651542372010-12-18T12:12:00.000-08:002010-12-18T12:12:01.286-08:00عزوف الطلاب عندراسة الفيزياء د.مجدي رجب اسماعيل<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><strong>لقد أصبح العالم اليوم يدرك خطورة دور الفيزياء ، وأصبحت كل أمة تسعى جادة في ابتكار وتطوير طرق وأساليب تعليمها لأبنائها.</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">وقد جاء في تقرير أعد تحت رعاية الاتحاد الدولي للفيزياء البحتة والتطبيقية </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>IUPAP</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ومنظمة اليونسكو</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">UNSESCO </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>، ما يلي : " أن تدريس الفيزياء أمر ذو أهمية ملحة لكل أمة . ومع الإدراك الكامل لدور الفيزياء الأساسي في توسيع المعرفة العلمية وفي توفير الأسس والقواعد للتقدم التكنولوجي، نجد جميع الدول تعمل جاهدة لدعم وسائل دراسة الفيزياء لأبنائها وتجعل من تدريس الفيزياء مادة أكثر فاعلية في جميع مستويات التعليم "(البيطار،2003).</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">وفي تقرير أخر صدر عن مؤتمر الاتحاد الدولي <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>للفيزياء البحتة والتطبيقية</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">IUPAP </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الذي عقد بريودى جانيرو والذي كان بعنوان " لماذا تدرس الفيزياء ؟ "جاء فيه : </span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ضرورة أن نبدأ بتدريس الفيزياء للأطفال والشباب في سن مبكر ، وأن تعلم في جميع مراحل تعليم الأطفال </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">يجب أن نجعل من تدريس الفيزياء مادة محببة إلى النفس حتى يقبل النشء والراشدين عليها ويرغبون في تعلمها .</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">أن علماء الفيزياء يرفضون السطحية في تدريس الفيزياء</span><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> وينادون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> بضرورة التعمق في دراستها حتى ولو كانت تدرس أولئك الذين لن يصبحوا متخصصين في هذا المجال فيما بعد (منظمة اليونسكو،1971).</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>ومن خلال ما جاء في تقرير المؤتمر السابق وجد خبراء التربية العلمية وتدريس العلوم أنفسهم أمام مشكلة ليست باليسيرة إذا كانت الفيزياء لابد وأن تدرس بعمق ، فكيف إذن نطلع عليها العامة ، وكيف تقدم للأطفال والراشدين ؟ وكيف نجعل تدريس الفيزياء شيقة ومحببة لنفوس التلاميذ والطلاب ؟.</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ولحل هذه الإشكالية أجمع الكثير من علماء الفيزياء "خوداكوف </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>"khwadakov</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">، "سماردينيكسٍ </span></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Smardinex</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span>" ،"ماروزافا</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Marouzava </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span>" وغيرهم على ضرورة الاتجاه نحو دراسة كافة الإمكانات لتبسيط الفيزياء وتدريسها وجعلها في صورة يسهل معها إطلاع الأطفال والراشدين عليها وتشويقهم لدراستها مع الالتزام بدقتها وسلامة مادتها ، وينادون بأن ينال هذا المجال العناية والاهتمام ما يناسب وشدة الحاجة إليه وخطورته ، ولم يتحقق ذلك إلا من خلال دراسات وبحوث علمية في مجال المناهج وطرق التدريس تهدف إلى<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>تقديم أشكال وصور مختلفة لتبسيط الفيزياء ،كما تقدم مقترحات بطرق استخدامها داخل الفصل وخارجه وخارج المدرسة بقصد تعليم الفيزياء للعامة والأطفال .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">وبالرغم من خطورة دور الفيزياء في توفير الأسس والقواعد للتقدم التكنولوجي ، وضرورة أن تدخل الفيزياء حياة النشء والعامة ، فأن عدد أولئك الذين سيصبحون فيزيائيين متخصصين لا يتعدى نسبة صغيرة جداً من تعداد السكان </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>; Hast, 2004)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="ltr"></span>(Sjoberg et al. 2004</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">، فعدد الملتحقين بالشعبة العلمية في مصر في التعليم الثانوي العام تراجع بنسبة 25% مقارنة بنسبة عدد الملتحقين بالشعب الأدبية في العام الدراسي (2005 -2006) (عربي ، 2008) . وقد يرجع ذلك إلى وجود صعوبات في تعلم الفيزياء أدى إلى عزوف الطلاب وعدم الإقبال عن دراستها نتيجة لبعض أوجه القصور التي تتمثل في أن :</span></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">الطرق التدريس التقليدية التي مازالت تشغل حيزاً كبيراً بين الطرق والأساليب التي يستخدمها معلم الفيزياء داخل الفصل، والتي جعلت تعليم الفيزياء تعليماً نظرياً ، أدى إلى سلبية المتعلم و عزوفه عن دراستها (طلبة,2007) .</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">المفاهيم الأساسية في الفيزياء غير واضحة في ذهن الطالب ، وقد يرجع ذلك إلى عدم وضوح المفهوم في ذهن المعلم أو يكون المفهوم خطأ لدى المعلم وينعكس ذلك على الطلاب (جنش ,2006).</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">افتقار طلاب الفيزياء لأساسيات دراسة الفيزياء ، وتركيزهم على الحفظ دون الفهم أدى إلى تدني مستوى تحصيل طلاب الفيزياء (الشهراني، الغنام ،1993).</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">وجود حاجز نفسي عند الطلاب تجاه دراسة الفيزياء جعلهم يتوهمون أنهم لا يستطيعون هضمها ولا استيعابها ،وأنها مجرد طلاسم ، وألغاز تتسم بالغموض والجفاف، مما أدى إلى بعد هم عن دراستها </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">تقديم مادة علمية صعبة من الناحية المفاهيمية ، مع صعوبة اللغة العلمية والمفردات الموجودة التي تضمنها محتوى كتب الفيزياء.</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">عدم أتباع معلم الفيزياء الأساليب المناسبة في التعليم ، وعدم إلمامة بطرائق التعليم وطرائق التقويم المختلفة (الشيعلي، 2005).</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.25in 10pt 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">يتناول علم الفيزياء بالبحث أبسط تراكيب العالم ـ وهي في نفس الوقت أهمها ـ ويدرس أبسط وأعمق الصلات في الانسجام الكوني ، وهذا يجعل المفاهيم الفيزيائية على درجة كبير من التجريد وصعوبة التصور.</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">كل هذه العوامل أدت إلى أن نسبة الرسوب في الفيزياء تتركز بين 25% إلى 60% ، وهذه نسبة رسوب عالية جداً إذا ما قورنت بالمنحنى الأعتدالي (الشهراني، الغنام ،1993) .</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>ونتيجة لذلك ، نجد أن أغلب الطلاب من شباب العالم يعانون الصعوبة البالغة في استيعاب مفاهيم الفيزياء ونظرياتها ، والكثير يعتبرونها علماً معقداً ودراسة جافة غير محببه </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="direction: ltr; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif";"><strong>http://scienceeducator.jeeran.com/newmethodology/archive/2006/3/27064.html.</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ويرى بارى (</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Barry ,2004</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>) في دراسته "أنه على الرغم من التنوع الكبير في طرق وأساليب تدريس الفيزياء إلا أن معلمي الفيزياء يستخدمون طرق وأساليب تدريس لا تحقق التكامل فيما بينها وغير متعاونة بشكل عام على في تحقيق الهدف من تدريس الفيزياء ، وأن هذه الطرق والأساليب متعارضة ومتنافسة كلياً مما يزيد من صعوبة دراسة مفاهيم الفيزياء والإقبال على تعلمها.</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">وتشير<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>دراسة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(Tiberghien et al. ,2007) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى أن الطرق التي تكتسب بها مفاهيم الفيزياء مازلت مشوبة بالغموض ، وأن نتائج البحوث مازلت حتى اليوم بعيدة عن أن تكون قادرة على تزويدنا بنماذج لتبسيط وتعلم المفاهيم في الفيزياء ،بالرغم من أن الكثيرين من الباحثين والمتخصصون في الفيزياء ورجال التربية العلمية عملوا ، ومازالوا يعملون من أجل تحقيق هذا الغرض. </span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>ويشير (عكاشه، 2008) في دراسته أن محتوى منهج الفيزياء غير شيق في بعض وحداته وغير مرتبط بحياة الطلاب . كما لا يوجد ترابط بين الدروس حيث تقدم المعلومات متناثرة غير متكاملة.</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>ومن خلال دراسة استطلاعية تهدف إلى التعرف على مدى اهتمام الطلاب بدراسة الفيزياء قام بها الباحث على عدد (150) طالب وطالبه بالمرحلة الثانوية بمدرسة منشأة البكاري الثانوية المشتركة بإدارة الهرم التعليمية بالجيزة ، ومدرسة سراي القبة الثانوية للبنات بإدارة الزيتون التعليمية بالقاهرة في نهاية الفصل الدراسي الأول للعام الدراسي (2008ـ2009) قدم لهم سؤال مفتوح عن أسباب عزوف الطلاب عن دراسة الفيزياء ،وتم مناقشة معلمي الفيزياء بالمدرستين وبعض أولياء الأمور عن هذه الأسباب، وبعد تفريغ النتائج وجد الباحث أن كثير من الطلاب ينصرفون عن معلم الفيزياء لأسباب متعددة منها : قد ترجع إلى صعوبة المادة التي يتعلمونها ، أو عدم إشباعها لحاجتهم واتفاقها وميولهم واستعداداتهم ، أو ترجع إلى الرتابة التي تشيعها طريقة المعلم في التدريس لكونها تسير على وتيرة واحدة وأنها تقدم المعلومات الفيزيائية بصورة مفككة غير متكاملة ، مما جعل المعلمين وأولياء الأمور وبعض الطلاب يطالبون بضرورة أن يكون تدريس الفيزياء يركز على احدث التكامل بين الموضوعات حول موضوع مركزي، أو فكرة رئيسية على أن يتم تبسيطها وتقديمها بصورة محببة ومشوقة للطلاب . </strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>من كل ما سبق ، وتلبية لما ينادي به علماء الفيزياء وخبراء التربية العلمية وتدريس العلوم ،وكذلك الطلاب وأولياء الأمور بضرورة تبسيط الفيزياء ، وتحقيقاً لتوصيات الدراسات والبحوث في هذا المجال<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فقد قام الباحث بهذه الدراسة التي تهدف إلى اقتراح نموذج تدريسي متكامل قائم على أشكال وصور لتبسيط الفيزياء يمكن أن يقود إلى تحسن في<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>تحصيل الطلاب للمفاهيم الفيزيائية وزيادة دافعيتهم<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>نحو تعلم مفاهيم الفيزياء.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-56173754266866726592010-12-18T11:55:00.001-08:002010-12-18T11:55:29.212-08:00كيف تعد بحث ؟د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-54786532671281858542010-12-18T11:50:00.001-08:002010-12-18T11:50:33.332-08:00التعلـم الجـوال Mobile Learning<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم الجوال</span></span><br />
<span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">د. أحمـــد محمـد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ســالــم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> <br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></span></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مر العالم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بعدة ثورات كان لها تأثيرا كبيرا على جميع مجالات الحياة الاقتصادية والسياسية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والاجتماعية والعلمية والتربوية؛ فكانت الثورة الصناعية</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Industrial Revolution </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">القرن الثامن عشر والقرن التاسع عشر، ثم جاءت الثورة الإلكترونية</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Electronics Revolution </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى الثمانينات من القرن العشرين التي أدت إلى تطور صناعة الحاسبات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الآلية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Computers</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والبرمجيات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> CD- ROMs </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والأقمار الصناعية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Satellites</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وظهر ما</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يسمى بتكنولوجيا المعلومات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Information Technology</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والتى تعنى الحصول على المعلومات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بصورها المختلفة ومعالجتها وتخزينها واستعادتها وتوظيفها عند اتخاذ القرارات،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتوزيعها بواسطة أجهزة تعمل إلكترونيا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتوجد عدة أشكال لتكنولوجيا المعلومات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">منها: الاتصال بالأقمار الصناعية، وشبكات الهاتف الرقمية، وأجهزة الحاسوب متعددة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الوسائط، ومؤتمرات الفيديو التفاعلية، والأقراص المدمجة، وشبكات الحاسوب المحلية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والعالمية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويعد ذلك تحولا من العصر الصناعي إلى العصر المعلوماتي أو عصر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المعرفة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ثم كانت الثورة اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Wireless Revolution </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى نهاية القرن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">العشرين وبداية القرن الحادي والعشرين حيث كان الهاتف الجوال/ المتحرك</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Telephone</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والأجهزة اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Wireless Devices </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التى انتشرت بسرعة فائقة وبأعداد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كبيرة فى العالم أجمع أكبر مؤشر على أهمية الثورة اللاسلكية ودورها فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الحياة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لقد كان لتلك الثورات الثلاث تأثيرا كبيرا على العملية التربوية،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فلم يعد النموذج التقليدي فى التعليم الذى يعتمد على الحفظ والتلقين والاعتماد على</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المعلم كمحور للعملية التعليمية والكتاب كمصدر أساسي للمعرفة مع المعلم هو النموذج</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المناسب، بل كان للثورة الصناعية والتطور التقني الذى لازمها الفضل فى ميلاد نموذج</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">جديد هو التعلم عن بعد</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Distance Learning (dLearning) </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وكان للثورة الإلكترونية فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثمانينات الفضل فى استخدام الحاسبات وشبكات الاتصال المحلية والعالمية فى التعليم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فظهر نموذج التعلم الإلكتروني</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Electronic Learning (eLearning) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الذى ساعد فى جعل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم عن بعد وجها لوجه أمرا ممكنا، وأدت الثورة اللاسلكية إلى ظهور نموذج جديد هو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم الجوال أو التعلم المتنقل</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mobile Learning (mLearning) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الذي يعتمد على</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">استخدام التقنيات اللاسلكية فى التعلم والتدريب عن بعد مثل الهاتف المحمول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>/ </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتحرك، والمساعد الرقمي الشخصي، والحاسبات الآلية المصغرة مما أدى إلى التحول من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بيئة التعلم السلكية إلى بيئة التعلم اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> .<br />
<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتحاول الورقة الحالية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إلقاء الضوء على هذا النموذج الجديد الذي أنتجته الثورة اللاسلكية فى القرن الحادي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والعشرين ونقلت التعلم من بيئة التعلم السلكية باستخدام الحاسبات إلى بيئة جديدة هي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بيئة التعلم اللاسلكية باستخدام الهواتف المحمولة، والمساعدات الرقمية الشخصية،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والحاسبات الآلية المصغرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وهذا النموذج الجديد هو نموذج التعلم الجوال أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> m-learning</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ويمكن توضيح الجوانب المختلفة المتعلقة بهذا النموذج</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجديد فى الإجابة عن الأسئلة التالية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أسئلة الدراسة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
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1- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ما هو التعلم الجوال/ المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Learning </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>؟</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> <br />
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2- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ما التقنيات اللاسلكية التي يمكن استخدامها فى التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل؟</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
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3- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ما الفوائد التربوية من استخدام الأجهزة المتنقلة فى العملية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعليمية؟</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
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4- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ما أوجه التشابه والاختلاف بين التعلم الإلكتروني والتعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل؟</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
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5- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ما التحديات أو الصعوبات التي تواجه التعلم الجوال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>/ </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل؟</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
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6- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ما التجارب العالمية لاستخدام التعلم المتنقل؟ وما التقنيات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المستخدمة؟</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويمكن الإجابة عن الأسئلة السابقة فى المباحث الستة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التالية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المبحث الأول: مفهوم التعلم الجوال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>/ </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بدأ</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">منذ سنوات قليلة ماضية وعلى وجه التحديد فى بداية القرن الحادي والعشرين فى الدول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الغربية استخدام مصطلح جديد فى مجال التعليم أطلق عليه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> :<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">باللغة الإنجليزية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: Mobile Learning </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> mLearning </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> m-Learning .<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وباللغة الفرنسية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Le mobile learning </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Le m-Learning </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> L`apprentissage mobile .<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وعقدت بعض المؤتمرات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">العلمية الدولية(1) خلال الأعوام الثلاثة على التوالي (2004- 2005- 2006) التي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تناولت هذا النموذج الجديد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وكلمة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كصفة أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Le mobile </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كاسم فى قواميس</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اللغة الفرنسية تعنى (متحرك أي قابل للحركة أو للتحرك أو الجسم المتحرك)([1])(2</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فمثلا</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">نقول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Vacances mobile </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أي أجازات غير ثابتة التاريخ، ومن هنا يمكن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ترجمة المصطلح</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Learning</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> L`apprentissage mobile </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إلى ما يلي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم المتنقل - التعلم النقال - التعلم المتحرك- التعلم الجوال- التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بالموبايل - التعلم عن طريق الأجهزة الجوالة (المتحركة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) Learning via Mobile Devices .<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لقد نادت بعض المقالات والأدبيات والمؤتمرات العلمية الأجنبية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بأهمية "التعلم الجوال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>" m learning</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وظهر ذلك فى عناوينها أو فى بعض العناوين الرئيسة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بها مثل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
<br />
M-learning: l`avenir de l`</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">�</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ducation serait mobile.(3)- <br />
<br />
- Mobile Technology: The future of learning in your hands.(4)<br />
<br />
- Mobile learning: the next generation.(5)<br />
<br />
- Mobile technologies: transforming the future of learning.(6) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وفيما يتعلق بتعريف مصطلح التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجوال/ المتنقل كانت هناك بعض المحاولات التي قدمت تعريفا نذكرها فيما يلي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يعرف التعلم الجوال/ المتنقل بأنه استخدام الأجهزة المتنقلة أو اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى التعلم المتحرك</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> for Learning on the Move .(7) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويعرف التعلم الجوال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>/ </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل بأنه استخدام الأجهزة المتحركة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Devices </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والأجهزة المحمولة باليد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Handheld IT Devices </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مثل الأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Personal Digital Assistants</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والهواتف النقالة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Phones</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والحاسبات المحمولة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Laptops</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والحاسبات الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الصغيرة</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
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Tablet PCs </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">في التدريس والتعلم. (8</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>)<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والتعلم المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile learning</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والذي يطلق عليه أحيانا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> m-learning</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، هو التعلم الذى يتم باستخدام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأجهزة المحمولة الصغيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Small/Portable Computing Devices </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتشمل هذه الأجهزة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الحاسوبية: الهواتف الذكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Smartphones</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والمساعدات الرقمية الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> (PDAs) </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والأجهزة المحمولة باليد</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Devices . Hand- Held(9) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويمكن تعريف التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجوال/ المتنقل إجرائيا بأنه استخدام الأجهزة اللاسلكية الصغيرة والمحمولة يدويا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مثل الهواتف النقالة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Phones</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والمساعدات الرقمية الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> PDAs </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والهواتف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الذكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Smartphones</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، والحاسبات الشخصية الصغيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Tablet PCs</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، لتحقيق المرونة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والتفاعل</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى عمليتي التدريس والتعلم فى أي وقت وفي أي مكان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المبحث</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثاني: التقنيات اللاسلكية التي يمكن استخدامها فى التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أفرزت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثورة اللاسلكية عدد من التقنيات اللاسلكية اعتمد عليها التعلم النقال مثل الهواتف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">النقالة، والمساعدات الرقمية الشخصية، والحاسبات الآلية المصغرة (حاسبات اللوحة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) Tablet PCs </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ويمكن إلقاء الضوء عليها فيما يلي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أولا: الهواتف النقالة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>/ </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجوالة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
---------------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">جاءت فكرة الهاتف النقال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Phone </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من فكرة عمل الراديو، فقد وجد الباحثون أنه من الممكن تطوير تكنولوجيا جديدة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لاستقبال وإرسال البيانات عبر مجموعة من الترددات التي يمكن استخدامها عدة مرات عن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">طريق ضغط البيانات، وإرسالها عبر وحدات زمنية قصيرة جدا لإجراء مجموعة من المكالمات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الهاتفية فى الوقت نفسه، وتعتمد هذه التكنولوجيا على وحدة أساسية تسمى الخلية، التي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تعتبر بدورها جزءا من النظام المتنقل للشبكة. ويوجد نوعان من الشبكات المستخدمة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الشبكة الشخصية اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وهي عبارة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">عن وصلات لاسلكية بين عدة أجهزة مختلفة فى إطار مسافات قصيرة(عدة أمتار) بواسطة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">البلوتوث فى معظم الحالات، لأن تكنولوجيا البلوتوث تعمل فى مجال ضيق لا يتعدى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أمتارا، لذا فإن استعمالاتها تنحصر فى الأماكن الضيقة عبر الشبكة الشخصية اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كالمنازل والمكاتب الصغيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أما الشبكات المحلية اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وهي خاصة بالشبكات المحلية فى الشركات والمنازل والأماكن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">العامة، فكل الأجهزة الموجودة فى نطاق مغطى بشبكة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> WLAN </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكنها التواصل فيما بينها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. (10) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لقد تطورت الهواتف النقالة تطورا كبيرا خلال العقود الثلاثة الماضية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حيث مرت بمراحل تطور عديدة أضافت كل مرحلة إلى سابقتها الكثير حتى ظهرت بالشكل الذي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">نراه حاليا حيث بدأت شركة "موتورولا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>" Motorola </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بصناعة الهواتف النقالة أوائل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثمانينات من القرن العشرين، ثم جاءت شركة "نوكيا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>" Nokia </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">في النصف الثاني من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثمانينات، ومع التطور فى صناعة الهواتف النقالة، وتصغير حجمها، وقلة وزنها،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وانخفاض أسعارها وأسعار المكالمات الهاتفية، زاد ذلك من نسبة مبيعات الشركات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المصنعة منذ عشرة سنوات تقريبا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لقد انتشرت الهواتف النقالة بصورة غير</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مسبوقة فى تاريخ الأجهزة التكنولوجية كلها تقريبا.فشركة نوكيا التي تسيطر على حوالي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> 30% </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من سوق الهواتف النقالة عالميا باعت حتى الآن حوالي 1.5 مليار هاتف كما ذكرت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مجلة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> "The Economist". </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وفى أوائل شهر مارس 2005 أصدرت مؤسسة جارتنر لأبحاث السوق</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تقريرا يقول بأن مبيعات الهواتف النقالة بلغت خلال عام 2004 حوالي 674 مليون وحدة،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بزيادة قدرها 30% عن عام 2003. وتوقع التقرير أن تصل مبيعات عام 2005 ما يتراوح بين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> 730-770 </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وحدة. وتوقعت مجلة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> "Slate" </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأمريكية أنه بين عامي 2010 و2020ستختفى تماما</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الهواتف الثابتة التقليدية. لقد أصبحت الهواتف النقالة الأداة التكنولوجية الوحيدة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التي لا تكاد تفارق مستخدميها فى ليل أو نهار. ومن ثم سعت العديد من الشركات إلى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">دمج المزيد والعديد من التقنيات والخدمات فى الهواتف النقالة. وبذا دشنت المرحلة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثانية فى مسيرة ارتقاء الهواتف النقالة. (11</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويمكن إلقاء الضوء على</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الخدمات التي تقدمها الهواتف النقالة فيما يلي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
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1- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خدمة الرسائل القصيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Short Message Service (SMS) :<br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تسمح لمستخدمي الهاتف النقال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بتبادل رسائل نصية قصيرة فيما بينهم بحيث لا تتجاوز حروف الرسالة الواحدة 160</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حرفا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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2- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خدمة الواب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> (WAP) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بروتوكول التطبيقات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
-------------------------------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الواب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">هو معيار عالمي يتضمن مواصفات وقواعد اتصالات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">محددة اتفقت عليه مجموعة من الشركات مثل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> (Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويساعد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المستخدمين فى الدخول إلى الإنترنت لاسلكيا باستخدام الأجهزة اللاسلكية الصغيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المحمولة مثل الهواتف النقالة والمساعدات الرقمية الشخصية الخ حيث يوحد طريقة وصول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأجهزة اللاسلكية إلى الانترنت، ويسهل عملية نقل وتبادل البيانات والاستفادة من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بقية خدماتها المختلفة مثل البريد الإلكتروني، الأخبار، الأحوال الجوية، الألعاب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الرياضية، الحوار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لقد وفر الواب للأجهزة النقالة القدرة على الانتقال إلى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أجهزة تفاعلية، ويختلف الواب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> WAP </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">عن الويب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> (Web)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>؛ فالأول هو خاص بالأجهزة النقالة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كأجهزة الهواتف النقالة وحاسبات الجيب والأجهزة الذكية في الدخول إلى الإنترنت، أما</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثاني فهو خاص بأجهزة الحاسوب والإنترنت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وإذا كانت عملية تصميم صفحات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الويب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> (Web) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تعتمد على لغة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ولتسهيل تفاعل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المستخدم مع الموقع يتم استخدام لغة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Java Script </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، فإن الواب يستخدم لغة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Wireless Markup Language (WML) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لوضع ترميز محتوى الصفحات، ويتم استخدام نفس خاصية التفاعل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى الواب باستخدام لغة ترميز الصفحات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> WML Script </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى نظام الشبكات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مما سبق يتضح أن الواب يعد ضرورة أساسية للدخول إلى الإنترنت عن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">طريق الأجهزة النقالة لأنه يناسب الشبكات اللاسلكية، ويمكن الاتصال لفترات طويلة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بالإنترنت دون انقطاع، وقد دعمت ذلك عدة شركات من أهمها: شركة نوكيا، وشركة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إريكسون، وشركة موتورولا، وشركة مايكروسوفت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
<br />
3- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خدمة التراسل بالحزم العامة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">للراديو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>(GPRS):<br />
------------------------------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تقنية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> GPRS </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">هي تقنية مبتكرة جديدة تسمح للهواتف النقالة بالدخول إلى الإنترنت بسرعة فائقة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وإمكانية استقبال البيانات والملفات وتخزينها واسترجاعها وتبادلها لاسلكيا بسرعة فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حدود 171.2 كيلوبايت فى الثانية والوصول إلى كم أكبر من المعلومات المتاحة من خدمة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الواب وبتكلفة أقل وجهد أقل حيث يتم حساب التكلفة بناء على حجم البيانات وليس بناء</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">على مدة الاتصال (دون الحاجة إلى الاتصال بالانترنت فى كل مرة لان المستخدم على</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اتصال دائم بالإنترنت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>).<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويحتاج الهاتف النقال إلى أن يكون مهيأ لاستخدام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تقنية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> GPRS </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والاشتراك فى خدمات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> GPRS WAP </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وتعتبر أجهزة الهواتف النقالة الحديثة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مجهزة بهذه التقنية حيث يستطيع المستخدم الدخول إلى الإنترنت فى أي وقت ومن أي مكان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لتصفح الإنترنت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Internet</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وقراءة البريد الالكتروني والرد عليه وإرسال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">واستقبال رسائل الوسائط المتعددة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> MMS.<br />
<br />
4- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خدمة البلوتوث</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Bluetooth : <br />
----------------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تقنية الاتصال اللاسلكي بلوتوث</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Bluetooth Wireless Technology </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تربط مجموعة من أجهزة الاتصال المحمولة مع بعضها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">البعض بروابط لاسلكية قصيرة المدى مثل الهواتف النقالة، والحاسوب الجيبي لتبادل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">البيانات والملفات بينها لاسلكيا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
5- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خدمة الوسائط المتعددة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> MMS: <br />
--------------------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تتيح هذه الخدمة للمستخدم إرسال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">واستقبال الرسائل متعددة الوسائط</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> MMS </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حيث يمكن تبادل الرسائل النصية، ولقطات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الفيديو، والرسوم المتحركة، والصور الملونة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لقد أطلقت دول كثيرة حاليا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجيل الثالث 3</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من الهواتف النقالة حيث تسمح إمكانات هذا الجيل بتقديم مجموعة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كبيرة من الخدمات اللاسلكية كإجراء اتصالات مرئية تفاعلية مباشرة بالصوت والصورة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حيث يرى المتصلون بعضهم بعضا من خلال الهواتف النقالة المتوافقة مع تقنية هذا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجيل، ونقل البيانات بسرعة عالية تصل إلى 2 ميجا بايت فى الثانية، كما تتيح</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إمكانية الاتصال بالإنترنت بسرعة عالية، وتسمح بتبادل رسائل الوسائط المتعددة،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتنظيم مؤتمرات الفيديو، وتوفير خدمة تحديد المواقع عبر الهاتف النقال، والصرف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الآلي، وإمكانية مشاهدة القنوات الفضائية عبر الهاتف النقال، مع سرعة إنجاز هذه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الخدمات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ومن المتوقع إطلاق الجيل الرابع 4</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من الهواتف النقالة بحلول عام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> 2010</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حيث من المتوقع زيادة سرعات الهاتف التي قد تصل إلى 100 ميجابيت في</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثانية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ثانيا: المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">PDAs : <br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المساعدات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الرقمية الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Personal Digital Assistants </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والتي يطلق عليها أيضا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> PDAs </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">هي أجهزة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حاسوب محمولة باليد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Handheld Devices</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو توضع فى الجيب، وصممت فى البداية لاستخدامها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى تنظيم المواعيد الشخصية، وتخزين هواتف الأصدقاء وعناوينهم، وتسجيل البيانات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الخاصة، وكتابة الملاحظات أثناء المحاضرات أو الاجتماعات، وقوائم بالمهام</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Task Lists .<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ومع مرور الوقت تطورت هذه الأجهزة إلى حاسبات آلية مصغرة حيث أصبحت قادرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">على تشغيل برامج تحرير النصوص والجداول الحسابية. ومع ظهور جيل جديد من هذه الأجهزة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وانتشارها بين الناس تطورت الخدمات التي تقدمها بصورة كبيرة مثل الاتصال الهاتفي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اللاسلكي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Phones</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وتحميل الملفات الصوتية والمرئية، وعرض لقطات الفيديو،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والاتصال بالإنترنت وتصفحه، وتحميل الكتب الإلكترونية وقراءتها، وقراءة البريد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني باستخدام أجهزة مودم لاسلكية، كما تسمح بالاتصال بالشبكات المحلية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإنترانت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Intranet </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والإكسترانت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Extranet</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، توفير الاتصالات بالأشعة تحت الحمراء مما</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سمح بنقل البيانات لاسلكيا عبر مسافات قصيرة، وألعاب الوسائط المتعددة</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Media Players </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وتسمح بتبادل الاتصال والبيانات مع حاسوبك الشخصي أو المحمول لاسلكيا باستخدام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأشعة تحت الحمراء مثل كتابة رسائل البريد الإلكتروني ثم نقلها إلى جهازك الشخصي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لإرسالها، أو تحديث المواعيد والملفات بين الجهازين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتحمل جميع المساعدات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الرقمية الشخصية المتوافرة الآن ذاكرة مدمجة داخلها تتراوح ما بين 3ميجا بايت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">و64ميجابايت، مع العلم أن 2 ميجا بايت من الذاكرة يعد كافيا لحمل بيانات العناوين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والمواعيد والملاحظات إضافة إلى معظم البرامج الشخصية، إلا أن وجود المزيد من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الذاكرة سيسمح بتخزين الملفات كبيرة الحجم مثل ملفات الملاحظات الصوتية ولقطات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الفيديو والبرامج الكبيرة، وتسمح بعض المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية بإضافة المزيد من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الذاكرة باستخدام بطاقات صغيرة يتم تركيبها داخل الجهاز</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتستخدم الغالبية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">العظمى من المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية أداة تشبه القلم للنقر على الشاشة لإدخال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">البيانات، حيث تظهر الحروف والأرقام فى شكل يشبه لوحة المفاتيح إلى شاشة الجهاز،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والنقر على تلك الحروف والأرقام يمثل الضغط على مفاتيح لوحة المفاتيح العادية فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أجهزة الحاسوب الشخصية. والعديد من المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية تسمح أيضا بكتابة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الملاحظات بخط اليد العادي، وبعض هذه الأجهزة توفر إمكانية تحويل خط اليد إلى نصوص</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وهناك عدد من أجهزة المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية التي تأتى بلوحات مفاتيح صغيرة مدمجة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والبعض منها يوفر إضافة إلى لوحة المفاتيح إمكانية استخدام القلم بديلا للفأرة، حيث</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن استخدامه بالنقر على الرموز وتحريك أشرطة التمرير وما إلى ذلك، ومن ناحية أخرى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">توفر معظم المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية صغيرة الحجم إمكانية توصيل لوحات مفاتيح</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خارجية بها. وهناك أحجام مختلفة من الشاشات، بعضها على شكل أفقي، وبعضها على شكل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">رأسي. (12</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أنواع المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تقسم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">معظم المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية إلى نوعين رئيسيين هما: أجهزة الحاسوب الكفية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Handheld PC </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Palm top </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وأجهزة حاسوب الجيب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Pocket PC</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كما يتضح فيما يلى</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"> <stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f"></path><lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></lock></shapetype><shape alt="" id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 24pt; width: 24pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"></shape>13) <br />
<br />
1- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أجهزة الحاسوب الكفية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
--------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تتميز أجهزة الحاسوب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الكفية بوجود شاشة كبيرة توفر مساحة أكبر لعرض البيانات بشكل يقترب من بيئة العمل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى أجهزة الحاسوب المحمولة وبدعمها لعدد كبير من البرامج الشبيهة فى طريقة تشغيلها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ببرامج نظام ويندوز ولا سيما مجموعة برامج ميكروسوفت أفيس</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Microsoft Office . </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتوجد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أجهزة حاسوب كفية تحتوى على لوحات مفاتيح مدمجة بالجهاز، ويعمل معظمها بنظام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التشغيل "هاند هيلد بى سى 2000" وهو إصدارة حديثة من نظام التشغيل "ويندوز سى أي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>" </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مخصصة لهذه النوعية من الأجهزة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويعاب على هذه الأجهزة أنها أكبر حجما وأثقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وزنا من أجهزة حاسبات الجيب، كما أن بطارياتها تبقى لفترة قصيرة نسبيا مقارنة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بأجهزة حاسبات الجيب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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2- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أجهزة حاسوب الجيب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
----------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أجهزة حاسوب الجيب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Pocket PC </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تتميز بخفة الوزن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وصغر الحجم وطول عمر البطارية، ويعيبها مساحة شاشاتها الصغيرة إذ لا تتعدى 320/240</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بيكسل، ولا تأتى هذه النوعية من المساعدات الرقمية الشخصية عادة بلوحات مفاتيح</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وإنما تظهر لوحة المفاتيح على الشاشة، ومعظم أجهزة حاسوب الجيب المتوافرة حاليا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تعمل بنظام "بالم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>" Palm </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو نظام التشغيل "بوكيت بى سى2002</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>" Pocket PC 2002 . </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ومن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أمثلة هذه الأجهزة جهاز "زاير21" الكفي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Palm Zire 21hand held</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وجهاز "نوكيا 9210</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>" Nokia 9210</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span> ، وجهاز كومباك إباك</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Compac IPAQ.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وبعض هذه الأجهزة مجهز بنظام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تشغيل ويندوز</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Windows </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويسمى نظام التشغيل سي إي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> (ce) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وهو محمل بالبرامج التطبيقية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مثل الوورد والإكسل ومتصفح الإنترنت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وبالنظر إلى المكتبات فلم تقف على</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الوضع التقليدي كمجرد حافظة للكتب والدوريات العلمية بل تتسابق فى الاستفادة من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التقنيات الحديثة؛ أدخلت الإنترنت لإفادة مستخدميها، وبتطور التقنيات الحديثة تحاول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المكتبات مواكبة هذا التطور لإحداث نقلة نوعية فى التواصل المعلوماتي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Information Communication </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بين المكتبة والمستفيد، فهناك محاولات عديدة الآن للاستفادة من خدمات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية اليدوية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> PDAs.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لقد أصبحت المكتبات بجميع أنواعها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مجبرة على تقديم اتصال لاسلكي للمستفيدين لوجود أجهزة ذكية مثل البالم تتميز بقدرات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تقنية عالية كالاتصال الهوائي مستفيدة من البث النظامي المكتبي وخدمات شبكة الهاتف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">النقال، بالإضافة لصغر حجمها اللامعقول. إن عدد المكتبات المهتمة بتقديم خدمات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التقنية اليدوية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> (PDA) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ازداد بشكل ملحوظ فى السنوات الخمس الأخيرة، خاصة مع ارتفاع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المستوى الوظيفي لهذه الأجهزة ولانتشار البرامج الخدمية لها. (14</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لقد حظيت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فكرة خدمات الأجهزة اليدوية فى دورة جمعية المكتبات الأمريكية لعام 2003 على مستوى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">عالي من الاهتمام، وقيل عنها "أحدث اتجاه تقني فى عالم المكتبات". وأفادت دراسة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حديثة أعدتها مكتبات كلية سيمنز الأمريكية فى بوسطن، أن عدد مكتبات كلية الجامعة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التي توفر خدمات الأجهزة اليدوية ازداد بشكل كبير فى السنوات الأخيرة حيث بلغت أكثر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من 50 مؤسسة. ومن الدراسات التي أعدت لتقييم مدى فاعلية هذه الأجهزة اليدوية تمت فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كندا فى جامعة ألبرتا والتي تعتبر من أكبر المكتبات الكندية حيث توفر خدماتها لأكثر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من 35000 طالب و 1500 عضو هيئة تدريس</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وأظهرت الدراسة أن عدد المستخدمين فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ازدياد مستمر، وأن هناك شبه رضاء تام عن الخدمات المكتبية التي توفر عن طريق البث</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">للأجهزة اليدوية،53% من المستفيدين يرون أهمية الاستعارة الإلكترونية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> E-books </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خلال الأجهزة اليدوية، كما أظهرت الدراسة أن 75% من المستفيدين يرغبون فى تحميل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">نتائج البحث فى قواعد البيانات إلى أجهزتهم اليدوية، و46% يرون أهمية الوصول إلى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فهارس المكتبة من خلال الأجهزة اليدوية.(15</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ثالثا: الحاسبات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الآلية المصغرة (أو حاسبات اللوحة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>)Tablet PC :<br />
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تعد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حاسبات اللوحة تطوير لأجهزة الحاسوب المحمول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Laptops</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ويوجد حاسب اللوحة مصحوب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بلوحة مفاتيح يمكن فصلها أو طيها وقد يوجد بدون لوحة مفاتيح، ولذلك يوجد النوع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأخير بشاشات حساسة قابلة للمس مع قلم رفيع لإدخال البيانات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتعمل هذه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأجهزة بنظام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Windows XP</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وتمتاز بالتعرف على بصمة اليد، وتحتوى على بطارية تدوم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أطول من ثلاث إلى خمس ساعات، كما بها إمكانية استخدام الأشعة تحت الحمراء</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Infrared </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لنقل البيانات من مكان قريب.(16</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المبحث الثالث:الفوائد التربوية من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">استخدام الأجهزة المتنقلة فى العملية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعليمية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">استخدام الأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية والهواتف النقالة وحاسبات اللوحة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Tablet PC </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إنجاز العديد من المهام التعليمية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Educational Tasks </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وإن اختلف دور كل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">منها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إن معظم الأجهزة المتنقلة تكون مفيدة فى التعليم والتدريس وتسهيل مهام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المعلمين، وتعد أيضا أدوات مساعدة للتعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Learning </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بالنسبة للطلاب كما يتضح مما</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يلي</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><shape alt="" id="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 24pt; width: 24pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"></shape>17) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن للطلاب التفاعل مع بعضهم البعض ومع المعلم بدلا من الاختباء وراء</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الشاشات الكبيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Large Monitors. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يسهل وضع الكثير من الأجهزة المتنقلة فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الفصل الدراسي من وجود أجهزة الحاسوب المكتبية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Desktops </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والتي تتطلب مساحة كبيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">معظم الأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> PDAs </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو الحاسبات الآلية المصغرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> PC Tablet </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التي تحمل المذكرات والكتب الإلكترونية تكون أخف وزنا وأصغر حجما وأسهل حملا من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الحقائب المليئة بالملفات والكتب أو من الحاسبات المحمولة أيضا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تساعد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">برامج التعرف على الكتابة اليدوية فى الأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> PDAs </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والأجهزة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المصغرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Tablets</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى تحسين مهارات الكتابة اليدوية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Handwriting Skills </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لدى الطلاب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الكتابة اليدوية باستخدام القلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Stylus Pen </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">هي أكثر سهولة من استخدام لوحة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المفاتيح والفأرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن رسم المخططات والخرائط مباشرة على شاشات الحاسبات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المصغرة باستخدام البرمجيات النموذجية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Standard Software <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن تدوين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الملاحظات باليد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Handwritten </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو بالصوت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Voice </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مباشرة على الجهاز</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Device </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أثناء الدروس</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الخارجية أو الرحلات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إمكانية إجراء التسجيل الإلكتروني</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Electronic Registration </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وإدخال البيانات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Inputting Data </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أثناء الدروس العملية أو الخارجية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">عندما لا تكون الحاسبات الآلية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Desktops </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مناسبة أو ثقيلة جدا مثل التجارب العلمية،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ودروس الطبخ، وزيارة المزارع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المشاركة في تنفيذ العمليات والمهام فى العمل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجماعي (التشاركي) بحيث يمكن للعديد من الطلاب والمعلم تمرير الجهاز بينهم أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">استخدام خيار الأشعة تحت الحمراء</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Infrared Function </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">في الأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">استخدام الشبكة اللاسلكية مثل البلوتوث</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Bluetooth . <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن للمعلمين استخدامه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى توزيع العمل على الطلاب بسهولة وبشكل طبيعي باستخدام القلم الرفيع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">استخدام تلك الأجهزة فى أي وقت وأي مكان فى المنزل أو فى القطار أو فى الفنادق</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تعد الأقلام الرفيعة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Stylus Pens </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أكثر ملائمة وسهولة لتصفح مواقع الإنترنت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Web Browsing </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بحيث يمكن النقر مباشرة على الروابط</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Links </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بالقلم بدلا من استخدام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الفأرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">جذب المتعلمين: فالشباب الذين تسربوا من التعليم يمكنهم الاستمتاع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">باستخدام أجهزة الهاتف النقال، وأجهزة الألعاب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Games Devices </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مثل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Gameboys </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تزيد من الدافعية والالتزام الشخصى للتعلم فإذا كان الطالب سوف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يأخذ الجهاز إلى البيت فى أي وقت يشاء فإن ذلك يساعده على الالتزام وتحمل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المسئولية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">قد تؤدى الأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية والهواتف النقالة إلى سد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الفجوة الرقمية لأن تلك الأجهزة تكون أقل تكلفة من الحاسبات المكتبية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">استخدام خدمات الرسائل القصيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> SMS </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">للحصول على المعلومات بشكل أسهل وأسرع من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المحادثات الهاتفية أو البريد الإلكتروني مثل جداول مواعيد المحاضرات أو جداول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الاختبارات وخاصة مع إجراء تعديلات طارئة على هذه الجداول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تستخدم كتقنية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مساعدة للمتعلمين الذين يواجهون صعوبات تعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Learning Difficulties. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المبحث</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الرابع: أوجه التشابه والاختلاف بين التعلم الإلكتروني والتعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ظهر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">في السنوات الأخيرة فى ميدان التعليم مصطلحات حديثة مثل التعلم الالكتروني</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> eLearning </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والتعلم المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> mLearning</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ويمكن تعريف التعلم الإلكتروني بأنه "منظومة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تعليمية لتقديم البرامج التعليمية أو التدريبية للمتعلمين أو المتدربين فى أي وقت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وفى أي مكان باستخدام تقنية المعلومات والاتصالات التفاعلية مثل (الإنترنت،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإنترانت، الإذاعة، القنوات المحلية أو الفضائية للتلفاز، الأقراص الممغنطة،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">البريد الإلكتروني، أجهزة الحاسوب، المؤتمرات عن بعد . .) لتوفير بيئة تعليمية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>/ </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تعلمية تفاعلية متعددة المصادر بطريقة متزامنة فى الفصل الدراسي أو غير متزامنة عن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بعد دون الالتزام بمكان محدد اعتمادا على التعلم الذاتي والتفاعل بين المتعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والمعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>".<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويعرف كوين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Quinn (2000-2001) </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم المتنقل بأنه: "التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني باستخدام الأجهزة المتنقلة: البالم، وآلات الويندوز سي أي، وأي جهاز</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تليفون رقمي والتي يمكن تسميتها أدوات المعلومات".(18</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويدمج هاريس (2001</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) Harris </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التكنولوجيا مع مبدأ مرونة التعليم عن بعد فى هذا التعريف: "النقطة التي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تتفاعل فيها الأجهزة المتنقلة مع التعلم الإلكتروني ليثمر ذلك خبرة تعلمية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Learning Experience </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تحدث فى أي وقت وفى أي مكان".(19</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويذكر ديسموند كيجان</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Desmond Keegan </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أن هدفنا من تصميم بيئة تعتمد على المتعلم المتنقل هو زيادة مرونة التعليم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">عن بعد والتي تراجعت خطوات للوراء-إلى حد ما- حينما تحولت من التعليم المعتمد على</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الكتب والأوراق إلى التعلم الذي يعتمد على الانترنت وهو ما يتطلب أن يجد الطلاب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المكان والوقت وجهاز الحاسب الموصل مع الانترنت". (20</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أوجه التشابه بين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم الإلكتروني والتعلم المتنقل: (21</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
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1- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يقدم التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني والتعلم المتنقل نوع جديد من الثقافة هي "الثقافة الرقمية" والتي تركز</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">على معالجة المعرفة وتساعد الطالب على أن يكون هو محور عملية التعلم وليس</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
2- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يحتاج النموذجان: التعلم الإلكتروني والتعلم المتنقل إلى تكلفة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">عالية وخاصة فى بداية تطبيقهما وذلك لتجهيز البنية التحتية حيث يتطلب نموذج التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني إلى حاسبات مكتبية، وإنتاج برمجيات تعليمية، وتصميم مناهج إلكترونية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تنشر عبر الانترنت، ومناهج إلكترونية غير معتمدة على الإنترنت، وتدريب المعلمين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والطلاب على كيفية التعامل مع التقنيات الحديثة المستخدمة، وبحاجة أيضا إلى توفير</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بيئة تفاعلية بين المعلمين والمساعدين من جهة وبين المتعلمين من جهة أخرى، وكذلك</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بين المتعلمين فيما بينهم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أما نموذج التعلم المتنقل فيتطلب تأسيس شبكة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لاسلكية، وأجهزة لاسلكية متنقلة مثل الهواتف النقالة، والمساعدات الشخصية الرقمية،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وأجهزة اللوحة، وتصميم مناهج إلكترونية، وتدريب العنصر البشري كما يتم في النموذج</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
3- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يقدم التعلم الإلكتروني في أشكال ثلاثة مختلفة: التعلم الالكتروني</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجزئي، التعلم الالكتروني المختلط، التعلم الالكتروني الكامل، ويمكن استخدام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم المتنقل فى نفس الأشكال السابقة فقد يكون جزئيا مساعدا للتعلم الصفي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التقليدي، أو التعلم المتنقل المختلط الذي يجمع بين التعلم الصفي والتعلم المتنقل،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو التعلم المتنقل الكامل وهو التعلم المتنقل عن بعد حيث لا يشترط مكان ولا زمان فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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4- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يؤدى التعلم الإلكتروني أو التعلم المتنقل إلى نشاط الطالب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وفاعليته فى تعلم المادة العلمية لأنه يعتمد على التعلم الذاتي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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5- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يقدم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المحتوى العلمي فى النموذجين فى هيئة نصوص تحريرية، وصور ثابتة ومتحركة، ولقطات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فيديو، ورسومات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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6- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يسمح النموذجان للطلاب بالدخول إلى الإنترنت وتصفحه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والحصول على محتوى المادة الدراسية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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7- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يسمح النموذجان بحرية التواصل مع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المعلم فى أي وقت وطرح الأسئلة، ولكن تختلف الوسائل فقد تكون عن طريق البريد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني في النموذج الأول، وعن طريق الرسائل القصيرة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> SMS </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى النموذج</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الثاني</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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8- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يتنوع زملاء الطالب من أماكن مختلفة من أنحاء العالم فليس هناك</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مكان بعيد أو صعوبة فى التعرف على أصدقاء وزملاء</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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9- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يعتمد النموذجان على</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">طريقة حل المشكلات، وينميان لدى المتعلم قدراته الإبداعية والناقدة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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10- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يسمح النموذجان بقبول أعداد غير محددة من الطلاب من أنحاء العالم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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11- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سهولة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تحديث المواد التعليمية المقدمة إلكترونيا في كلا النموذجين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أوجه الاختلاف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بين التعلم الإلكتروني والتعلم المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
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1- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يعتمد التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني على استخدام تقنيات إلكترونية سلكية مثل الحاسبات المكتبية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Desktops </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والحاسبات المحمولة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Laptops. </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أما التعلم المتنقل فيعتمد على استخدام تقنيات لاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مثل الهواتف النقالة، والمساعدات الشخصية الرقمية، والحاسبات الآلية المصغرة،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والهواتف الذكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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2- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يتم الاتصال بالإنترنت مع تقنيات التعلم الإلكترونية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سلكيا، وهذا يتطلب ضرورة الوجود فى أماكن محددة حيث تتوفر خدمة الاتصال الهاتفي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أما فى التعلم المتنقل فيتم الاتصال بالإنترنت لاسلكيا (عن طريق الأشعة تحت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الحمراء)وهذا يتم فى أي مكان دون الالتزام بالتواجد فى أماكن محددة مما يسهل عملية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الدخول إلى الإنترنت وتصفحه في أي وقت وأي مكان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
3- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمتاز التعلم المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بسهولة تبادل الرسائل بين المتعلمين بعضهم البعض، وبينهم وبين المعلم عن طريق رسائل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> SMS </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> MMS </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، أما فى التعلم الالكتروني فالأمر يحتاج إلى البريد الإلكتروني وقد لا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يطلع عليه المعلم أو الطلاب فى الحال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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4-</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يسهل التعلم المتنقل في أي وقت وفى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أي مكان حيث لا يشترط مكان معين على عكس التعلم الإلكتروني الذي يتطلب الجلوس أمام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أجهزة الحاسوب المكتبية أو المحمولة فى أماكن محددة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
5-</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يسهل تبادل الملفات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والكتب الإلكترونية بين المتعلمين فى نموذج التعلم المتنقل حيث يمكن أن يتم ذلك عن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">طريق تقنية البلوتوث أو باستخدام الأشعة تحت الحمراء، وهذا لا يتوفر فى التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
6-</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إمكانات التخزين فى التقنيات اللاسلكية التي يستخدمها التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل هي أقل من إمكانات التخزين فى التقنيات السلكية التي يستخدمها التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المبحث الخامس: التحديات أو الصعوبات التي تواجه التعلم الجوال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>/ </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">رغم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التقدم الهائل والسريع في صناعة الأجهزة المتنقلة بأنواعها المختلفة ومحاولة التغلب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">على نواحي قصورها إلا أن هذه الأجهزة ما زالت بها بعض جوانب القصور التي من المتوقع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أن يتم التغلب عليها في القريب العاجل نظرا للبحوث والتطبيقات المتقدمة للأجهزة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اللاسلكية، هذا من جانب، ومن جانب آخر قد يواجه نموذج التعلم المتنقل بعض التحديات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو الصعوبات أثناء عملية التطبيق في الواقع الميداني في العملية التعليمية، نحاول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أن نستعرض العيوب الحالية للأجهزة المتنقلة وكذا التحديات والصعوبات التي تواجه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تطبيق التعلم المتنقل وذلك لإجراء المزيد من البحوث للتغلب عليها والاستفادة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الكاملة من هذا النموذج الجديد. (22</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">صغر حجم الشاشة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Small Screen </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الأجهزة المتنقلة وخاصة الهواتف النقالة والأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية مما يقلل من كمية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المعلومات التي يتم عرضها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سعة التخزين محدودة وخاصة فى الهواتف النقالة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والأجهزة الرقمية الشخصية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يستغرق عمل البطاريات مدة قصيرة ولذلك تتطلب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الشحن بصفة مستمرة، ويمكن فقد البيانات إذا حدث خلل عند شحن البطارية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">كثرة الموديلات واختلافها يؤدى إلى عدم الألفة السريعة مع الأجهزة وخاصة مع اختلاف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أحجام الشاشات وأشكالها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يمكن فقده أو سرقته بسهولة أكثر من أجهزة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الحاسبات المكتبية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اقل قوة ومتانة من أجهزة الحاسبات المكتبية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">صعوبة استخدام الرسوم المتحركة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Moving Graphics </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خاصة مع الهاتف النقال (ولكن أجهزة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجيل الثالث والرابع سوف تسهل ذلك</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>).<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يصعب ترقيتها وتطويرها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تغير سوق بيع هذه الأجهزة المتنقلة بسرعة مذهلة، مما يجعل الأجهزة قديمة بشكل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سريع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">محدودية القدرة على التوصيل والتوافق مع الأجهزة الأخرى، على الرغم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من أن تقنية البلوتوث بدأت في تناول هذه القضية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">هناك قضايا أو أمور أمنية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">قد يتعرض لها المستخدم عند اختراق الشبكات اللاسلكية باستخدام الأجهزة النقالة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Mobile Devices .<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">قد تقل كفاءة الإرسال مع كثرة أعداد المستخدمين للشبكات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اللاسلكية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">هناك صعوبة في الطباعة إذا لم يتم توصيل الجهاز بشبكة ما</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Network .<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يحتاج المعلمون والطلاب إلى تدريب لاستخدام تلك الأجهزة بإتقان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وفاعلية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يتطلب تطبيق نموذج التعلم النقال إلى تأسيس بنية تحتية: شبكات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لاسلكية، أجهزة حديثة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تغيير أو تعديل الآراء والاستخدامات الخاطئة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">للأجهزة المتنقلة وتوظيفها توظيفا صحيحا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وضع استراتيجية واضحة المعالم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لتطبيق نموذج التعلم النقال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
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• </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">تصميم وإعداد المناهج الدراسية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المناسبة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المبحث السادس: التجارب العالمية لاستخدام التعلم المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والتقنيات المستخدمة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
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</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">توجد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">بعض التجارب العالمية لتطبيق التعلم المتنقل باستخدام تقنيات لاسلكية مختلفة مثل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مشروع ليوناردو دا فينشى</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Leonardo da Vinci </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">للاتحاد الأوروبي: "من التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الإلكتروني إلى التعلم المتنقل". ويعرض هذا المشروع تصميم بيئة تعلم للتقنيات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اللاسلكية وكذلك يقدم نماذج لهذه البيئة. (23</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وهناك مشروع أخر هو مشروع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">القوى اليدوية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Palm Power Enterprise (24) </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ويحاول هذا المشروع جعل التعلم المتنقل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">حقيقة ممكنة حيث يتم تقديم محتوى المقرر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> Courseware </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">باستخدام المساعد الشخصي الرقمي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">متضمنا الحركة والصوت ذو الجودة العالية والتصفح فى الجهاز كما يسمح للمتعلمين</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">باختبار قدراتهم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> . <br />
<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خاتمـة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />
----------</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إذا كان الاتصال التقني</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يتضمن الاتصال السلكي والاتصال اللاسلكي، وإذا كان الاتصال السلكي عن طريق الحاسبات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">والهواتف الثابتة قد حقق نجاحا وأثبت فاعلية في العملية التعليمية وهذا ما أكدته</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">العديد من البحوث، فإن الواقع الحالي والمستقبل القريب هو للاتصال اللاسلكي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">باستخدام التقنيات اللاسلكية التي انتشرت الآن في معظم دول العالم، وحاولت بعض</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الدول تطبيق هذه التقنيات الجديدة فى التعليم وأظهرت بعض البحوث فاعليتها مثل دراسة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ريجت وبيكتا وبيرى (2003</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) Wright; Becta &Perry(25) </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ودراسة وينتزل (2005</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) Wentzel(26) </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ودراسة ويشارت ومكفارلين ورامسدين (2005</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>) Wishart; McFarlane (27)& Ramsden .<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">إن التخطيط لاستراتيجيات التعليم المستقبلي قبل الجامعي</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أو الجامعي فى مصر أو في الدول العربية الأخرى يجب أن يأخذ في الاعتبار هذه الثورة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اللاسلكية ومنتجاتها التي أصبحت فى أيدينا، ومع الصغير والكبير، ويتوقف استخدامها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">على الاتصال الهاتفي فقط، ويجب أن نسعى لتوظيفها في منظومة التعليم، وفى منظومة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التعليم والتعلم عن بعد حتى تؤتى هذه الأعداد الكبيرة من الأجهزة المتنقلة والأموال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التي صرفت فيها بثمارها على تعليم وتعلم أجيال لا يتوقف طموحها على اكتساب التحصيل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المعرفي فقط بل يمتد إلى اكتساب مهارات التفكير الابتكاري والناقد واكتساب المهارات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">العملية فى المجالات المختلفة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ويتضح من العرض السابق من خلال المباحث</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الستة مدى أهمية هذا النموذج الجديد "التعلم المتنقل" في تقديم حلول لكثير من</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المشكلات التي تواجه العملية التعليمية بمكوناتها المختلفة سواء العملية التعليمية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">النظامية أو التعليم عن بعد لما يستخدمه هذا النموذج من تقنيات لاسلكية لا تتطلب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">التواجد في وقت معين أو مكان محدد لإتمام عملية التعلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">هذا النموذج الجديد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">قد تم تطبيقه فى دول عديدة وعقدت من أجله عدد من المؤتمرات الدولية التي ناقشت عدد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">من البحوث المهمة فى هذا المجال. ويمكن إجراء العديد من البحوث حول هذا النموذج</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وتوظيفه فى عملية التعليم والتعلم عن بعد، وتقاس فاعليته في المراحل التعليمية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجامعية وقبل الجامعية ومع المناهج الدراسية المختلفة بما يتناسب مع إمكانياتنا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وبيئتنا العربية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المراجـع</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
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1- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لمزيد من التفصيل حول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المؤتمرات العلمية الدولية التي تناولت التعلم المتنقل، يمكن مراجعة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
<br />
- International Association for Development of the Information Society ( IADIS), International Conference Mobile Learning, 28-30 june 2005, university of Malte, available on line at <a href="http://www.iadis.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.iadis.org/</span></a> <br />
<br />
- International Association for Development of the Information Society ( IADIS), International Conference Mobile Learning, 14-16 july 2006, Dublin, Irlande, available on line at <a href="http://www.iadis.org/ml2006/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.iadis.org/ml2006/</span></a><br />
<br />
- 4th World Conference on mLearning, 25-28 october 2005, Cape Town, South Africa, available on line at <a href="http://www.mlearn.org.za/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.mlearn.org.za/</span></a><br />
<br />
2- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سهيل إدريس (2000). المنهل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">قاموس فرنسى-عربى، الطبعة السابعة والعشرون، بيروت، دار الآداب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. <br />
<br />
3-Alexander, Bryan (2004). "M-Learning: l`Avenir de l`Education Serait Mobile", available on line at <a href="http://www.futura-sciences.com/sinformer/n" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.futura-sciences.com/sinformer/n</span></a> ( 11 march 2006)<br />
<br />
4- 4th World Conference on mLearning, mlearn 2005, Book of Abstracts, Cape Town, South Africa, 25-28 october 2005 available on line at <a href="http://www.mlearn.org.za/CD/mlearn%202005%20Book%20of%20abstracts%20final.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.mlearn.org.za/CD/mlearn%2...ts%20final.pdf</span></a><br />
<br />
5- <a href="http://www.mlearn2006.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.mlearn2006.org/</span></a><br />
<br />
6- <a href="http://www.becta.org.uk/research" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.becta.org.uk/research</span></a><br />
<br />
7- <a href="http://www.learningcitizen.net/index.shtml" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.learningcitizen.net/index.shtml</span></a><br />
<br />
9- <a href="http://ww3.telus.net/~kdeanna/mlearning/index.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://ww3.telus.net/~kdeanna/mlearning/index.htm</span></a><br />
<br />
10- Al Qabas <br />
<br />
11- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وليد الشوبكى (2005). "غد المحمول... قفزة نحو المجهول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>"</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">متوافر على الموقع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.islamonline.net/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">www.islamonline.net</span></a> (20 </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">فبراير 2006</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>)<br />
<br />
12- <a href="http://saudipalm.jeeran.com/basics/whatispam.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://saudipalm.jeeran.com/basics/whatispam.htm</span></a><br />
<br />
13- Ibid <br />
<br />
14- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سليمان إبراهيم الرباعي (2006). "خدمات المكتبات الإلكترونية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">خدمات الأجهزة اليدوية الرقمية"، متوافرعلىالموقع</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.arabcin.net/modules.php?name=News&File=article&sid=690" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.arabcin.net/modules.php?n...rticle&sid=690</span></a> ) 20</span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">مايو2006</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>)<br />
<br />
15- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المرجع السابق</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
17- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لمزيد من الإطلاع حول هذا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الموضوع، يمكن مراجعة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
<br />
- British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (Becta) (2006). "Emerging Technologies for Learning", available on line at <a href="http://www.becta.org.uk/research" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.becta.org.uk/research</span></a><br />
<br />
- Attewell, Jill (2005). Mobile Technologies and Learning, London, Learning and Skills Development Agency.<br />
<br />
- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">يونس عرب. البنوك الخلوية-التجارة الخلوية-المعطيات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الخلوية</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> M-banking, M-commerce, M-data</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ثورة جديدة تنبئ بانطلاق عصر ما بعد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المعلومات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
18- Keegan, Desmond."The future of Learning: From eLearning to mLearning", available on line at <a href="http://learning.ericsson.net/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://learning.ericsson.net/</span></a> (21 november 2005)<br />
<br />
19- Ibid.<br />
<br />
20- Ibid.<br />
<br />
21- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">لمزيد من التفصيل، يمكن مراجعة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>:<br />
<br />
- </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">أحمد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سالم (2004). تكنولوجيا التعليم والتعليم الإلكتروني، الرياض، مكتبة</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الرشد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<br />
<br />
23- Keegan, Desmond, op. Cit..<br />
<br />
24- Ibid.<br />
<br />
25- Wright, David; Becta & Perry, David (2003)."Becta Evaluation of Handhelds in Schools", available on line at <a href="http://www.becta.org.uk/etseminars" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0032a1;">http://www.becta.org.uk/etseminars</span></a> (13 october 2005)<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></span></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-49243067833081214162010-11-07T11:17:00.001-08:002010-11-07T11:17:01.110-08:00كيف تعد بحثا ؟د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-12481595308208150752010-10-24T12:59:00.000-07:002010-10-24T12:59:56.250-07:00بنوك الاسئلة الالكترونية<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">بنوك الاسئلة</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الالكترونية</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><i><u><span dir="ltr" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ITEM BANKING</span></u></i><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>ظهرت فكرة بنوك الاسئلة في اوائل الخمسينيات<span dir="ltr"></span> من القرن العشرين بظهور ما يسمى مخزن او مستودع الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> Item bool وذلك من خلال صياغة اعداد كبيرة<span dir="ltr"></span> من الاسئلة الموضوعة في صور مختلفة ومستويات معرفية مختلفة<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>وتطورت هذه الفكرة نتيجة للتطور المذهل<span dir="ltr"></span> للحاسبات اللالية وامكانية تخزين "حفظ"واسترجاع الاسئلة المخزونة فيها بعد بسهولة<span dir="ltr"></span> ويسر<span dir="ltr"></span>.</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">مفهوم بنوك</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الاسئلة</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>بنك الأسئلة هو مكان امن توضع فيه مجموعات<span dir="ltr"></span> من الاسئلة ذات مستويات مختلفة في تقدير قدرة معينة ويسهل عن طريقه سحب او اضافة<span dir="ltr"></span> مجموعة او عدد من الاسئلة المختلفة المقننه اي التي لها خصائص سيكومترية مميزة<span dir="ltr"></span> ومعلومة مثل :معامل السهولة والصعوبة ومعامل التمييز وفعاليةالمشتتات وكذلك صدق<span dir="ltr"></span> وثبات المفردات والمصنفة وفق وحدات المقرر الدراسي وحسب المستويات العقلية المعرفية<span dir="ltr"></span> المطلوب اداؤها اثناء الاجابة عليها وذلك بطريقة تشبه الى حد ما تنظيم وفهرسة<span dir="ltr"></span> الكتب<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>ومن هذا التصنيف يمكننا معرفة كل سؤال<span dir="ltr"></span> والهدف الذي يقيسة والمجال الذي يقدمة كل سؤال..وتخزين الاسئلة في ذاكرة الحاسب وفق<span dir="ltr"></span> برنامج سابق التجهيز ويتم معايرتها عن طريق نماذج معينة وباستخدام برامج خاصة<span dir="ltr"></span> بها<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الهدف من بنوك الاسئلة الالكترونية</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الهدف</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">العام</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span>:</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تطوير أدوات تقويم التحصيل</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">المدرسي</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">باعتبار أن التقويم احد العمليات الهامة</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">لتطوير المنظومة التعليمية</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الاهداف الخاصة</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>1.تحسين نوعية الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> من حيث الشكل،وضمان جودتها اي جودة الخصائص السيكومترية لها<span dir="ltr"></span>.</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>2.ضمان استخدام<span dir="ltr"></span> الاسئلة الجيدة اكثر من مرة؛وبالتالي ضمان جودتها اى جودة الخصائص السيكومترية<span dir="ltr"></span> لها<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>3.اعداد وتأهيل كوادر<span dir="ltr"></span> من واضعى الاسئلة والاوراق الامتحانية في المواد الدراسية المختلفة حسب جدول<span dir="ltr"></span> مواصفات اختبار المادة<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>4.امداد المعلمين<span dir="ltr"></span> بذخيرة من الاسئلة المقننة تحمل افكارا جديدة يمكن ان يستعيننوا بها اثناء عملية<span dir="ltr"></span> التدريس ةاثناء عملية التقويم البنائي المستمر لكل جزء من اجزاء<span dir="ltr"></span> المحتوى<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>5.تسمح بنوك الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> للمعلم بمرونة اكبر فى عملية القياس حيث يسهل وضع الاختبارات في اي وقت وبسرعة<span dir="ltr"></span> وسهولة وربما عمل صور متكافئة من الاختبارات في نفس الوقت<span dir="ltr"></span> ..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>6.توفر وقت وجهد<span dir="ltr"></span> المعلم الذي يبذله في بناء اسئلة الاختبارات التحصيلية الموضوعية واستغلال هذا<span dir="ltr"></span> الوقت في تحسين عملية التدريس<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>7.مساعدةالطالب على<span dir="ltr"></span> التعلم الذاتى والاهتمام بالتعرف على نتائج التعلم لكل طالب على حدة وفق سرعته<span dir="ltr"></span> وامكاناته وليس التعرف على الدرجة الكلية لنتائج الاختبار<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>8.التخلص من مشكلة<span dir="ltr"></span> سرية الامتحانات سواء عند وضع الاسئلة او عند التداول او عند<span dir="ltr"></span> التطبيق<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>9.تقليل التكلفة<span dir="ltr"></span> المادية في بناء الاختبارات كل عام وذلك من خلال استخدام اختبارات متكافئة من البنك<span dir="ltr"></span> بسهوله ويسر<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>10.استخدام بنوك<span dir="ltr"></span> الاسئلة يساعد المعلم على مقارنة نتائج اداء الطلبة في سنة ما بنتائج زملائهم الذين<span dir="ltr"></span> سبقوهم ويساعد على تحديد سبب الارتفاع في معدلات الرسوب اذا كان راجعا الى مستوى<span dir="ltr"></span> اداء الطلبة او الى مستوى صعوبة الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">سلبيات بنوك الاسئلة</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>**في حالة البنوك المؤمنة التى تحتفظ بسرية<span dir="ltr"></span> الامتحانات يتم تجميع الاوراق بعد اداء الامتحانات وتكون النتيجة تكدس حجم<span dir="ltr"></span> البنك<span dir="ltr"></span>.</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>**تكرار استخدام<span dir="ltr"></span> الأسئلة أكثر من مرة يؤدى الى معرفة الاسئلة واجاباتها وبالتالى تقل سرية<span dir="ltr"></span> الامتحانات<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>**هناك أعمال إضافية تتمثل<span dir="ltr"></span> في<span dir="ltr"></span>:</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>وضع اسئلة جديدة عوضا عن الاسئلة التي تم<span dir="ltr"></span> التعرف عليها ؛اضافة الى عمليات الحفظفي السجلات ثم ادارة الاسئلة وفقا لبرامج<span dir="ltr"></span> خاصة<span dir="ltr"></span> .</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>** مراجعة محتويات البنك على فترات (2-3<span dir="ltr"></span>) سنوات وذلك لان<span dir="ltr"></span>:</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>·بعض الاسئلة تصبح غير صالحة للاستخدام في<span dir="ltr"></span> الامتحانات<span dir="ltr"></span>.</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>·بعض الاسئلة تفقد قدرتها لذا يجب مراجعة محتويات البنك للتاكد من<span dir="ltr"></span> جودة الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> .</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">نظام العمل فى بنوك الاسئلة</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> :</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>نظامان للتعامل مع بنوك<span dir="ltr"></span> الأسئلة</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>بنك الأسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> المفتوح</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>الهدف منه هو استخدام الاسئلة في عملية التقويم<span dir="ltr"></span> البنائي "التكوينى"وفي التقويم التشخيصي؛والبنك يشجع المعلمين على انتقاء مفردات<span dir="ltr"></span> الاسئلة التي تتناسب مع المواقف التعليمية باستخدام الحاسب الالى المرتبط بالبنك<span dir="ltr"></span> مباشرة من خلال شبكات الاتصال وبالتالي نجد ان البنك يخدم التعلم الفردى وكذلك<span dir="ltr"></span> التعلم من اجل الاتقان</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>ويستخدم هذا النظام في الولايات المتحددة<span dir="ltr"></span> الامريكية</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>بنك الأسئلة المؤمن<span dir="ltr"></span> "المغلق<span dir="ltr"></span>"</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>الهدف منه هو استخدام الاسئلة الموضوعية<span dir="ltr"></span> المقننة والمخزونة بالبنك في التقويم النهائي فقط سواء كان فى نهاية الفصل الدراسي<span dir="ltr"></span> او في نهاية العام ولذا تعتبر اسئلته سرية تماما<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>ويستخدم هذا النظام في انجلترا واستراليا<span dir="ltr"></span> ومصر<span dir="ltr"></span>...</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>يجب تحديد بعض العوامل قبل انشاء البنك<span dir="ltr"></span> منها<span dir="ltr"></span>:</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>·ما الاهداف التى سيعمل البنك على تحقيقها؟</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>·ما حجم القوى البشرية التى يحتاجها اى بنك؟</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>·ما نوع الخبرات التى يحتاجها البنك؟</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>·ما الفتة الزمنية التى يحتاجها البنك الصحيح ليصبح جاهزا للتعامل مع<span dir="ltr"></span> الاسئلة وجاهزا لاستخدامه في اعداد الاوراق الامتحانية</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">اجراءات اعداد بنوك</span></u><span dir="ltr"></span><u><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الاسئلة</span></u><span dir="ltr" style="color: #2a4772; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>المراحل المتبعة في اعداد بنوك الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> :</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>1.تحديد الاهداف<span dir="ltr"></span> المطلوب تحقيقها في المجالات المتعددة "المعرفية ؛الوجدانية ؛النفسحركية"وتعيين<span dir="ltr"></span> الوزن النسبي لتلك الاهداف<span dir="ltr"></span>.</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>2.التدريب المكثف<span dir="ltr"></span> لقاعدة عريضة من المعلمين او واضعي الاسئلة بمراكز الامتحانات على<span dir="ltr"></span> :</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>الصياغة الإجرائية للأهداف التعليمية ؛وصياغة<span dir="ltr"></span> انواع مختلفة منن الاسئلة ؛والتعرف على المستويات المختلفة للاسئلة ؛وحساب الخصائص<span dir="ltr"></span> الفنية للاسئلة مثل حساب معامل السهولة والصعوبة ومعامل التميز وفعالية<span dir="ltr"></span> المشتتات؛والمواصفات الفنية للاختبار كلة مثل حساب الصدق والثبات<span dir="ltr"></span> ..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>3.كتابة اعداد كبيرة من<span dir="ltr"></span> الاسئلة على المحتوى الدراسي المقرر وفي ضوء جدول المواصفات والخصائص الفنية<span dir="ltr"></span> للاسئلة .ثم يتم تحكيم هذه الاسئلة لاعطاء نوع من التغذية الراجعة لواضعى الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> حول ما كتبوه من اسئلة ومستوياتها العقلية ومواصفاتها الفنية<span dir="ltr"></span> ..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>4.تجميع الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> المقننه وتصنيفها حسب الموضوعات وحسب الاداء فى مخزن الاسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> ..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>5.يتم تسجيل كل سؤال في<span dir="ltr"></span> بطاقة خاصة به تحتوى كل المعلومات المتعلقة بالسؤال<span dir="ltr"></span> ..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>6.تخزين مجموعة من<span dir="ltr"></span> الاسئلة المعدة في ذاكرة الحاسب الالى الموجودة بالبنك تمهيدا لاستخدامها فى اعداد<span dir="ltr"></span> الورقة الامتحانية<span dir="ltr"></span> ..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>7.اعداد مجموعة من<span dir="ltr"></span> البرامج بواسطة المتخصصين في ضوء فلسفة القياس المستخدم طبقا لمتطلبات الموقف<span dir="ltr"></span> الاختباري<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>8.مراجعة البنك.يجب<span dir="ltr"></span> مراجعة بنك السئلة بصفة دورية كل ثلاث سنوات بواسطة خبير المادة بغرض التاكد من<span dir="ltr"></span> :</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>** استبعاد السؤال<span dir="ltr"></span> الذى تم استخدامه فى اربعة امتحانات او اكثر ووضع سؤال بدلا منه ويقيس نفس<span dir="ltr"></span> المعلومات وفي نفس مستوى الاداء العقلى<span dir="ltr"></span>.</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>**استبعاد الأسئلة غير المناسبة نتيجة<span dir="ltr"></span> للتغيرات في مجال التخصص مثل اضافة او حذف موضوعات جديدة للمقرر الدراسي<span dir="ltr"></span> ..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>**استبعاد الأسئلة<span dir="ltr"></span> غير المستقلة والتي تجيب بعضها على بعض الاخر<span dir="ltr"></span> ..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>**الحفاظ على عدد<span dir="ltr"></span> معين من الاسئلة في كل خلية من خلايا جدول مواصفا ت الاختبار بحيث تتناسب تقريبا مع<span dir="ltr"></span> النسبة المحسوبة "المطلوبة"من تلك الخلية وبنفس االمواصفات<span dir="ltr"></span> الفنية<span dir="ltr"></span>..</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>**التأكد من نظام<span dir="ltr"></span> ادارة البنك ومدى صحته وافضل طريقة ممكنة ومثال ذلك<span dir="ltr"></span>:</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>-هل اسئلة البنك<span dir="ltr"></span> تم حفظها فى بطاقات خاصة بها؟</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>-وهل حفظت فى<span dir="ltr"></span> ملفات في المكان الصحيح ؟</strong></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>-هل تم تسجيل<span dir="ltr"></span> كامل لجميع المعلومات ذات العلاقة؟</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br />
</div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-53528419201714304532010-10-24T12:42:00.001-07:002010-10-24T12:42:59.018-07:00أدوار جديدة للمعلم مع.. التعليم الإلكتروني<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أدوار جديدة للمعلم مع.. التعليم الإلكتروني</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">بقلم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> : </span><span dir="ltr"><a href="http://www.almarefh.net/show_content_sub.php?ID=304&rwit=K"><span dir="rtl" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">د. محمد زين الدين</span></a></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="ltr"></span> 2010-10-12 4 /11 /1431 </span><shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f"></path><lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></lock></span></shapetype></strong><shape alt="http://www.almarefh.net/img/740guylptp.jpg" id="صورة_x0020_2" o:allowoverlap="f" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 90pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: left; mso-position-vertical-relative: line; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 3.75pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 3.75pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 135pt; z-index: 1;" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="740guylptp" src="file:///C:\Users\DRA3A5~1.MAG\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"></imagedata><wrap anchory="line" type="square"></wrap></shape><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: AXtManalBLack; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 94%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">نعيش الآن عصر التكنولوجيا التعليمية التي انعكس تأثيرها على التعليم الذي هو طريق التقدم والرقي لأي مجتمع، وإذا كان المعلم يمثل أحد أركان العملية</span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: AXtManalBLack; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 94%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> التعليمية، فإن إعداد المعلم لا بد أن يواكب التطور الحادث في التعليم، وهذا يدعو المؤسسات التربوية المهتمة بإعداد المعلم إلى إعادة النظر في برامج إعداد المعلم، والمداخل التربوية التي يقوم عليها إعداده وإضافة الجديد إليها والعمل على تحسين وتطوير القائم منها.</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: AXtManalBLack; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 94%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وهناك مداخل كثيرة لإعداد المعلم، منها المدخل التعليمي القائم على الكفايات </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "AXtManalBLack", "serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 94%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Competencies</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: AXtManalBLack; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 94%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، الذي يعتبر أحد الاتجاهات في إعداد المعلم وأكثرها شيوعًا وانتشارًا، وهو مدخل يهدف إلى إعداد المعلم وتأهيله على أسس تربوية ونفسية تهدف إلى رفع مستوى أداء المعلم مهنيًا، وتوظيف كفاءته، وتوجيه مهاراته لمساعدة الطلاب على تحقيق أهدافهم. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ومفهوم الكفاية نظر إليه التربويون من زاويتين: شكلها العام ومكوناتها، فالكفاية لها شكلان الكامن منها والظاهر، فالكفاية في شكلها الكامن مفهوم، ومن هنا فهي إمكانية القيام بالعمل نتيجة الإلمام بالمهارات والمعارف والمفاهيم والاتجاهات التي تؤهل إلى القيام بالعمل، وفي شكلها الظاهر عملية، ومن هنا فهي الأداء الفعلي للعمل، وهذا لا يعني فقط مجرد إلمام المعلم بالمعارف والمهارات التي تتضمنها الكفاية، بل لابد من أن يكون قادرًا على القيام بهذه المهارات وتطبيقها بطرق صحيحة وطبقًا للمعايير المتفق عليها في الأداء.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ويلحظ المتتبع لحركة التقدم السريع في مجال تكنولوجيا المعلومات من ناحية، ومجال تكنولوجيا التعليم من ناحية أخرى أن تزاوجًا قد حدث بين المجالين، وقد أدى حدوث هذا التزاوج إلى ظهور آفاق جديدة رحبة للتعليم تمثلت في وجود العديد من المستحدثات التكنولوجية </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Technological</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Advancements</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> ذات العلاقة المباشرة بالعملية التعليمية،<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ومن هذه المستحدثات التعلم الإلكتروني </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">E</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Learning</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، وهذا يتطلب بالضرورة وجود معلمين مؤهلين ومدربين على التعامل معه والتوظيف الجيد له في التعليم، كما أنه يتطلب منهم القيام<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بأدوار ووظائف جديدة تتناسب مع متطلبات هذا المستحدث.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ولقد حددت الكثير من الهيئات العالمية المهتمة بالمعلم مثل المجلس القومي لاعتماد برامج إعداد المعلمين </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">National</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Council</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">of</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Accreditation</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">for</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Teacher</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Education</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">NCATE</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>))، والمنظمة الدولية للتقنيات في التعليم </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">International</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Society</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">for</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Technology</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">in</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Education</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ISTE</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، عدة معايير مرتبطة بتكنولوجيا التعليم للمعلمين ومؤشرات تحقيقها، يجب أن يلموا بها وأن يعرفوها ويوظفوها جيدًا في العملية التعليمية من خلال برامج إعدادهم، ومن هذه المعايير فهم طبيعة التكنولوجيا، تخطيط وتصميم بيئات التعلم، التقييم والتقويم، ومراعاة الموضوعات الأخلاقية والقانونية والإنسانية.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ولابد من أن تعكس برامج إعداد المعلم هذه المعايير، وبالتالي ظهرت الحاجة إلى إعادة النظر في برامج إعداد المعلم بكليات التربية، لتواكب هذه التغيرات في مجال تكنولوجيا التعليم، كما أصبح إتقان المعلم لمهارات المعلوماتية والتعامل مع المستحدثات التكنولوجية متطلبًا أساسيًا من متطلبات برامج إعداد المعلم وتدريبه، وبالتالي تغيرت وظائف المعلم في ظل نظام التعلم الإلكتروني </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">E</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Learning</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، إلى التخطيط للعملية التعليمية وتصميم بيئات التعلم النشط، إضافة لكونه باحثًا ومديرًا وميسرًا وموجهًا وتكنولوجيًا، كما أنه ينبغي أن يتقن مهارات التواصل والتعلم الذاتي والتفكير الناقد، وغيرها من الأدوار والوظائف الجديدة التي ينبغي الاهتمام بتدريب المعلم عليها مستقبلًا.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">أدوار ووظائف المعلم المستقبلية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">إن التحول من نظام التعلم التقليدي الذي يعتبر المعلم محور العملية التعليمية، وبالتالي فإن له وظائف معروفة ومحددة، إلى نظام التعلم الإلكتروني الذي يقوم على مبدأ هام وهو الوصول بالتعلم للمتعلم بصرف النظر عن مكانه وفي أي وقت يناسبه، عادة يتطلب تحولًا جذريًا في أدوار المعلم المتعارف عليها في ظل التعلم التقليدي، إلى أدوار ووظائف جديدة في ظل التعلم الإلكتروني، ينبغي على المعلم أن يتقن هذه الأدوار والوظائف، ويمكن توضيح هذه الأدوار فيما يلي (محمد زين، 2005، 295-301؛ نبيل جاد، 2006):</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- باحث:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وتأتي هذه الوظيفة في مقدمة الوظائف التي ينبغي أن يقوم بها المعلم، وتعني البحث عن كل ما هو جديد ومتعلق بالموضوع الذي يقدمه لطلابه، وكذلك ما هو متعلق بطرق تقديم المقررات خلال الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- مصمم للخبرات التعليمية:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">للمعلم دور مهم في تصميم الخبرات والنشاطات التربوية التي يقدمها لطلابه، وذلك لأن هذه الخبرات مكملة لما يكتسبه المتعلم داخل أو خارج القاعات الدراسية، كما أن عليه تصميم بيئات التعلم الإلكترونية النشطة بما يتناسب واهتمامات الطلاب.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تكنولوجي:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">فهناك الكثير من المهارات التي يجب أن يتقنها المعلم للتمكن من استخدام الشبكة في عملية التعلم، مثل إتقان إحدى لغات البرمجة، وبرامج تصفح المواقع، واستخدام برامج حماية الملفات، والمستحدثات التكنولوجية وغيرها.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- مقدم للمحتوى:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">إن تقديم المحتوى من خلال الموقع التعليمي لابد من أن يتميز بسهولة الوصول إليها واسترجاعها والتعامل معها، وهذا له ارتباط كبير بوظيفة المعلم كمقدم للمحتوى من خلال الشبكة، وهذه الوظيفة لها كفايات عديدة عليه أن يتقنها.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- مرشد وميسر للعمليات:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">فالمعلم لم يعد هو المصدر الوحيد للمعرفة، ولم تعد وظيفته نقل المحتوى للمتعلمين، وإنما أصبح دوره الأكبر في تسهيل الوصول للمعلومات، وتوجيه وإرشاد المتعلمين أثناء تعاملهم مع المحتوى من خلال الشبكة، أو من خلال تعاملهم مع بعضهم البعض في دراسة المقرر، أو مع المعلم.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- مقوم:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وبالتالي فعليه أن يتعرف على أساليب مختلفة لتقويم طلابه من خلال الشبكة، وأن تكون لديه القدرة على تحديد نقاط القوة والضعف لدى طلابه، وتحديد البرامج الإثرائية أو العلاجية المطلوبة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- مدير أو قائد للعملية التعليمية:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">فالمعلم في نظم التعلم الإلكتروني من خلال الشبكة يعد مديرًا للموقف التعليمي، حيث يقع عليه العبء الأكبر في تحديد أعداد الملتحقين بالمقررات الشبكية ومواعيد اللقاءات الافتراضية وأساليب عرض المحتوى وأساليب التقويم وطريقة تحاور المتعلمين معًا.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> الكفايات اللازمة للمعلم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وفي ضوء ما سبق من تحديد لأدوار ووظائف المعلم المستقبلية في ظل التعلم الإلكتروني عبر الشبكة، يمكن تحديد الكفايات اللازمة للمعلم في مجال التعلم الإلكتروني في:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> (محمد زين، 2005، 327-338)</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: AXtManalBold; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">أولًا: الكفايات العامة:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">هناك كفايات عامة ينبغي إلمام المعلم بها، تتمثل في:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">1- كفايات متعلقة بالثقافة الكمبيوترية:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">مثل معرفة المكونات المادية للكمبيوتر وملحقاته، التعرف على برمجيات التشغيل والوسائط التي يعمل بها الكمبيوتر، الاستخدامات المختلفة للكمبيوتر في العملية التعليمية والحياتية المختلفة، الفيروسات وطرق الوقاية منها، معرفة المصطلحات المستخدمة في مجال الكمبيوتر.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">2- كفايات متعلقة بمهارات استخدام الكمبيوتر:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">مثل استخدام لوحة المفاتيح والفأرة، كيفية التعامل مع وحدات الإدخال والإخراج، كيفية التعامل مع سطح المكتب والملفات والبرامج سواء بالحفظ أو النقل أو الحذف أو التعديل، التعامل مع وحدات التخزين، استخدام مجموعة برامج الأوفيس، والتغلب على المشكلات الفنية التي تواجهه أثناء الاستخدام.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">3- كفايات متعلقة بالثقافة المعلوماتية:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">مثل التعرف على مصادر المعلومات الإلكترونية، استخدام شبكة الإنترنت في العملية التعليمية من بحث وبريد إلكتروني وغيرها من استخدامات الإنترنت التعليمية، القدرة على تقييم مصادر المعلومات الإلكترونية المتاحة عبر الإنترنت، معرفة المبادئ الأساسية للتصميم التعليمي، تصميم ونشر الصفحات التعليمية على الإنترنت، استخدام الوسائط المتعددة في عملية التعلم، واستخدام المصطلحات المتعلقة بتكنولوجيا المعلومات.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: AXtManalBold; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ثانيًا: كفايات التعامل مع برامج وخدمات الشبكة:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وتتمثل هذه الكفايات في:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- إجادة اللغة الإنجليزية.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- التعامل مع نظام التشغيل ويندوز وإصداراته المختلفة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- استخدام محركات البحث المختلفة للوصول إلى المعلومات التي يحتاجها.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- التعامل مع الخدمات الأساسية التي تقوم عليها التطبيقات التربوية للشبكة، مثل خدمة البحث، البريد الإلكتروني، المحادثة، نقل الملفات، والقوائم البريدية.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- القدرة على إنزال الملفات من الشبكة وحفظها.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- القدرة على تحميل الملفات إلى الشبكة ونشرها.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- إتقان إحدى لغات البرمجة لتصميم الصفحات والمواقع التعليمية.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- القدرة على المشاركة في مجموعات النقاش المتاحة عبر الإنترنت.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- القدرة على ضغط أو فك الملفات من وإلى الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- إنشاء الصفحات والمواقع التعليمية ونشرها وتحديثها كل فترة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- الدخول للمكتبات العالمية وقواعد البيانات. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 11.35pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- التحقق من مهارات المتعلمين التكنولوجية والفنية اللازمة للتعامل مع المقررات الإلكترونية.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: AXtManalBold; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> ثالثًا: كفايات إعداد المقررات إلكترونيًا:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وتتضمن عددا من الكفايات الرئيسية هي:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> 1- كفايات التخطيط:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وتتضمن مجموعة من الكفايات الفرعية المتمثلة في:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد الأهداف العامة للمقرر المراد إعداده إلكترونيًا.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد مدى ملاءمة المقرر لطرحه على الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد من هم المستفيدون من المقرر، وخبراتهم السابقة وخصائصهم النفسية والاجتماعية.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد المتطلبات المادية والبشرية اللازمة لإعداد المقرر إلكترونيًا.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد فريق عمل إنجاز المقرر إلكترونيًا وتحديد مهام كل عضو بالفريق.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد جدول زمني لإنجاز المهام الموكلة لكل عضو بفريق العمل.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> 2- كفايات التصميم والتطوير:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وتتضمن مجموعة من الكفايات الفرعية المتمثلة في:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد الأهداف التعليمية للمقرر الإلكتروني.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد استراتيجيات التدريس اللازمة لتحقيق أهداف المقرر.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد أنشطة التعلم التي تشجع التفاعل بين المتعلمين.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد الوسائل المتعددة التي ستضمن في المقرر الإلكتروني.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- إعداد السيناريو التعليمي للمقرر الإلكتروني.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد أساليب التفاعل الإلكتروني بين المتعلمين وبعضهم بعضا وبينهم وبين المعلم، وبينهم وبين مواد التعلم.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد أساليب التغذية الراجعة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد الوصلات الإلكترونية بين مكونات المقرر الإلكتروني.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> 3- كفايات التقويم:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وتتضمن مجموعة من الكفايات الفرعية المتمثلة في:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- استخدام وتطبيق أساليب مختلفة للتقويم الإلكتروني من خلال الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تحديد نقاط القوة والضعف لدى الطلاب.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- إعداد برامج إثرائية وعلاجية للطلاب.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- وضع معايير علمية يتم في ضوئها تقويم الطلاب.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تقديم التغذية الراجعة للطلاب.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">4- كفايات إدارة المقرر على الشبكة:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وتتضمن مجموعة من الكفايات الفرعية المتمثلة في:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- القدرة على تنظيم الوقت لتقديم المقرر من خلال الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تهيئة الطلاب لتحمل مسئولية التعلم من خلال المقررات الإلكترونية عبر الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تزويد الطلاب بالمصادر الكافية للتعلم من خلال الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تتبع أداء الطلاب ومدى تقدمهم في التعلم لتقديم المشورة والنصح.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تشجيع التفاعل مع المقررات الإلكترونية.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- تشجيع التفاعل بين الطلاب بعضهم بعضا، وبينهم وبين المعلم.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- إدارة النقاش في مجموعات النقاش المتاحة عبر الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 17pt 0pt 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- إدارة المقرر إلكترونيًا من خلال الشبكة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">تجارب عالمية وعربية عن التعليم الإلكتروني</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">أولًا: التجارب الغربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">جامعة فونيكس</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Phonix</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">uophx</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">edu</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وهي من أكبر الجامعات الخاصة في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، فقد أنشأت الجامعة عام 1989م ما أسمته </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">The</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">University</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">of</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Phonix</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Online</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Campus</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، في سان فرانسيسكو وهو عبارة عن حرم جامعي على الشبكة، تطور على نطاق واسع في السنوات الأخيرة مع توسع الإنترنت وانتشارها. وتوفر مستويين دراسيين هما: الدراسة الجامعية في التخصصات المختلفة والدراسات العليا للحصول على الدبلومات والماجستير والدكتوراه، علمًا بأن الشهادات التي تمنحها معترف بها من الهيئة المركزية للجامعات. وتشترط الجامعة للتسجيل عبر الإنترنت إجادة الطلاب للغة الإنجليزية حتى يتمكنوا من استخدام خدمات الإنترنت المختلفة في الدراسة مثل مجموعات الأخبار ومجموعات النقاش والبريد الإلكتروني ومؤتمرات الفيديو وغيرها. وتقدم استمارات التسجيل بالجامعة عبر البريد الإلكتروني لكي يتم فحصها من قبل لجنة متخصصة وفق معايير محددة. وتضم حاليًا طلابًا يدرسون دراساتهم الجامعية الأولى والدراسات العليا من مختلف أرجاء أمريكا والعالم.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">جامعة ميتشجن الافتراضية </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Michigan</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Virtual</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">University</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">vu</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">msu</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">edu</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">تعد جامعة ميتشجن واحدة من أعرق الجامعات الأمريكية في التعليم التقليدي، وهي أيضًا تقدم خدمات التعليم الإلكتروني عن بعد. وتقدم مجموعة ممتازة من الفصول الدراسية على شبكة الإنترنت حيث تمنح الماجستير والدكتوراه في الطبيعة، كما تمنح كلية الهندسة درجات جامعية في الهندسة الكيميائية وعلوم الحاسب مثل التصميم الهندسي على الحاسوب وفي شبكات الحاسبات. وعملت جامعة ميتشجن الافتراضية كوسيط لتعريف وتقديم أفضل البرامج الأكاديمية والفنية بواسطة التعليم عن بعد، فقد شاركت 16 كلية وقدمت حوالي (124) موضوعا في برامج مختلفة لـ 2000 طالب من خلال الجامعة. بالإضافة إلى مشاركة 28 كلية من كليات المجتمع ككلية منزلية </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">«</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Home</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Colleges</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>»</span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> بهدف مشاركة ودعم الطلاب للتعليم من منازلهم.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">جامعة </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Western</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">University</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">wgu</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">edu</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">تهتم جامعة ويسترن بالدراسة عبر الإنترنت من خلال التعليم الإلكتروني وعلى الرغم من تعدد التخصصات الدراسية بها إلا أنها أعدت شبكة تعليمية متكاملة عبر الإنترنت تهتم بتطوير أداء المعلمين وتوفير التدريب المهني لهم. كما تهتم بمساعدة المعلمين لاستخدام مستحدثات تقنية التعليم في التدريس، والتكامل بين المناهج </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">الدراسية وتقنية التعليم. تمنح شهادات علمية معترفا بها تزيد عن 250 مستوى من الشهادات العلمية من 25 جامعة مختلفة تشترك معها في برامجها عبر الإنترنت في مجال التعليم. في عام 1998م بدأت الجامعة المشاركة الفعالة في تقديم الدرجات والشهادات الجامعية، حيث قدمت خمسة برامج أكاديمية بدءا من التعليم والتقنية إلى تحليل تطبيقات البرامج من خلال برامج متوفرة بأسلوب التعليم عن بعد عبر التلفزيون التفاعلي والأقمار الصناعية والإنترنت.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">جامعة روجرز </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Rogers</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">rogersu</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">edu</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">تهتم جامعة روجز بالدراسة عبر الإنترنت في عدة أقسام تخصصية متنوعة حيث تعمل على تلبية رغبات الطالب في دراسة التخصص الذي يرغب فيه وفي الوقت المناسب عبر الإنترنت، وتستخدم في ذلك خدمات الإنترنت المختلفة مثل مؤتمرات الفيديو وحلقات النقاش والاتصالات الهاتفية والبريد الإلكتروني وغيرها.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">الجامعة العالمية </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">The</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">International</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">University</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">international</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">edu</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">مصدر التعليم الرئيسي في الجامعة العالمية هو التعليم عن بعد وأهم أساليبه الإنترنت التي تعتبر جزءا من التعليم الإلكتروني حيث تستخدم أحدث خدمات الإنترنت في التعليم عن بعد لمرحلتي البكالوريوس والماجستير في تخصصات علمية متنوعة بشكل ملائم وتفاعلي. وتعتمد هذه الجامعة فلسفة التغيير الذي طرأ على العالم، حيث يتطلب من الطلبة اتباع طرق تقنية حديثة، للمضي قدمًا لإنجاز دراساتهم.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ثانيًا: التجارب العربية:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">جامعة بيروت </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">buonline</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">edu</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">lb</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">تعد أول مؤسسة أكاديمية للتعليم الإلكتروني عن بعد في الشرق الأوسط، تأخذ على عاتقها مهمة تعليم نوعي للطلبة في العالم العربي وتركيا وإيران. وهي جامعة خاصة أنشئت عام 1994م، واقتصر نشاطها حينئذ على الأبحاث والاستشارات </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ثم أضيفت إلى برنامجها الأكاديمي في عام 1998م فعاليات التعليم عن بعد. وتضم جامعة بيروت على الشبكة أربع كليات هي: إدارة الأعمال والعلوم الإدارية، وكلية الصحة العامة وعلوم الصحة والتمريض، وكلية العلوم البيئية وكلية الهندسة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">جامعة التعليم الافتراضي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">neeeducation</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">co</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">uk</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">أعد مركز الحاسوب الوطني للتعليم بالمملكة المتحدة شهادة البكالوريوس في مجال الحاسوب على الإنترنت لجميع الطلاب في منطقة الشرق الأوسط من خلال جامعة بورتسماوث البريطانية </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">port</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ac</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">uk</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، عبر موقع جامعة التعليم الافتراضي </span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ivlu</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">com</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وتعد شهادة البكالوريوس في مجال الحاسوب عبر الإنترنت شهادة خاصة تتوقف الفترة الدراسية اللازمة للحصول عليها على ظروف كل طالب، على الرغم من أنه يمكن الحصول عليها خلال عام واحد بالنسبة للطالب المؤهل بشكل مناسب. ويمكن الحصول على المواد التعليمية الخاصة بالشهادة الجديدة عبر موقع جامعة التعليم الافتراضي على الإنترنت. كما يمكن للطلبة الحديث مع نظرائهم حول المناهج على الإنترنت عبر غرف المناقشات والبريد الإلكتروني الخاص. وتوفر جامعة التعليم الافتراضي على الشبكة كل الكتب الدراسية للطلبة.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ويذكر أن المركز يتعامل مع نحو 300 منظمة ومؤسسة تدريب في أكثر من 30 دولة، وأن عدد الطلاب الذين يتقدمون للحصول على شهادات مبنية على معايير مركز الحاسوب الوطني للتعليم يزيد عن 15 ألف طالب سنويًا، مما يجعله أكبر المراكز العالمية في مجال منح الشهادات والمؤهلات في مجال تقنية المعلومات.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">جامعة العرب الإلكترونية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">arabuniversity</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">com</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">أنشئت الجامعة على شبكة الإنترنت في شهر أكتوبر لعام 1997م، وهي الأولى من نوعها، الموجهة للناطقين باللغة العربية عبر الإنترنت. وتتيح للراغبين الدراسة في مجالات مختلفة منها علوم الكمبيوتر والإنترنت. ومناهج وشهادات الجامعة مقيمة علميًا من قبل جامعات مثل جامعة عين شمس المصرية وجامعة تورنتو الكندية.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">الجامعة الافتراضية السورية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">svuonline</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">com</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">أعلنت وزارة التعليم العالي في سوريا عن إطلاقها لأول جامعة افتراضية في المنطقة العربية، وهي الجامعة السورية الافتراضية، وتعتبر الجامعة الوحيدة في المنطقة العربية التي تلقى دعمًا حكوميًا يتمثل في وزارة التعليم في سوريا وتم الاعتراف بمساقاتها الدراسية من قبل وزارة التعليم العالي السورية، وكذلك العديد من الجامعات العالمية التي ترتبط معها الجامعة الافتراضية السورية بشراكات تعاون أكاديمي لتقديم خدمات التعليم عن بعد. حيث وقعت على اتفاقيات شراكة مع 16 جامعة عالمية، جميعها معترف بها من قبل جمعيات الاعتراف الدولي، ومن قبل وزارة التعليم العالي في سورية. وبذلك يكون قد شهد التعليم العالي في سورية مؤخرًا قفزة نوعية فكانت البداية بالسماح بإحداث مؤسسات تعليمية خاصة لأول مرة في سورية، ثم اعتماد نظام التعليم المفتوح في الجامعات السورية بدءًا من العام الدراسي الحالي، وتوجت بإصدار مرسوم بإحداث الجامعة الافتراضية السورية التي تعتبر أول جامعة عربية في منطقة الشرق الأوسط تعتمد نظام التعليم عن بعد (التعليم الإلكتروني عن طريق الشبكة العالمية).</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">وقامت الجامعة<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بالتعاقد مع 40 جامعة عالمية من أمريكا وأوروبا، وهذه تمنح شهادات لحوالي 300 اختصاص، سواء في البكالوريوس، أو الماجستير، أو الدكتوراه، وفي المرحلة الأولى سيتم التركيز على احتياجات سوق المنطقة، وخصوصًا في مجالات تقنية المعلومات، وإدارة الأعمال، والسياحة، والإعلام. ويقوم فريق من الجامعة الافتراضية، بتنسيق عملية تسجيل الطالب، ويساعده في اختيار الاختصاص المناسب له، وبعد أن يتم التسجيل سيخصص للطالب أستاذ مرشد يتابعه منذ لحظة تسجيله، وحتى تخرجه، وهذا المرشد سيتابع أمور دراسته، ويلتقيه بشكل مباشر على الشبكة، وسيقدم النصح له عند اختيار المواد الدراسية، ويجيب عن أسئلته، كما أن الجامعة ستوفر للطلاب مكتبة إلكترونية تضم حوالي 200 مليون عنوان، إضافة لخدمات تسهيل الدفع والدعم التقني وما إلى ذلك.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">e</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">kaau</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">edu</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">sa</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 108%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">بدأت بوادر التعليم الإلكتروني تظهر بجامعة الملك عبدالعزيز من خلال مركز التعليم الإلكتروني وهي تجربة فريدة في جامعات المملكة، وهذه الطريقة الحديثة تذلل الكثير من العقبات للطالب الجامعي منتظمًا كان أم منتسبًا، فأما طلاب الانتساب فاستفادتهم واضحة حيث يستطيعون أن يشاهدوا عبر الإنترنت المحاضرة كاملة بالصوت والصورة متى ما شاءوا دون أي معوق يعوقهم عن أعمالهم، وأيضًا طلاب الانتظام يستفيدون من هذه الطريقة في عملية المراجعة في حال عدم تمكن فهم جزئية من الموضوع. ويشمل الموقع المعلومات المساعدة للطلاب والطالبات وأعضاء هيئة التدريس في كيفية الوصول إلى المحاضرات التي تبث من خلال الموقع.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">المراجع:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- محمد محمود زين الدين (2005). «تطوير كفايات المعلم للتعليم عبر الشبكات» في منظومة التعليم عبر الشبكات، تحرير: محمد عبدالحميد، القاهرة: عالم الكتب.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- محمد محمود زين الدين<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2007). كفايات التعليم الإلكتروني، جدة: دار خوارزم العلمية للطباعة والنشر.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- محمود كامل الناقة (1987). البرنامج القائم على الكفايات، أسسه وإجراءاته، القاهرة: مطابع الطوبجي.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- نبيل جاد عزمي(2006). «كفايات المعلم وفقًا لأدواره المستقبلية في نظام التعليم الإلكتروني عن بعد»، المؤتمر الدولي للتعلم من بعد، مسقط: سلطنة عمان، 27-29 مارس.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> - </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Birch</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>, </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">P</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">D</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.(2002) . «</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">E</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Learner</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Competencies</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>», </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Available</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">At</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">http</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>://</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">learningcircuits</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">org</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>/2002/</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">jul</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>2002/</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">birch</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">html</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Sanders</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>, </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">E</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">S</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.(2001). « </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">E</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Learning</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Competencies</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>», </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Available</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">At</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">http</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>://</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">learningcircuits</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">org</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>/2001/</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">mar</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>2001/</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">competencies</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">html</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Spector</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>, </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">J</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">M</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>. & </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Teja</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>, </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">I</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>., </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">D</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.(2001). « </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Competencies</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">for</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Online</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Teaching</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">«, </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">U</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">S</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>. </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Department</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">of</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Education</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>, </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ED</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">99-</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">co</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-0005.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"> - </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Web</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">(2009). «</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">The</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Elearning</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Comeptency</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Framework</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">for</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Teachers</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">and</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Trainers</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>», </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Available</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">At</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">http</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>://</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">oph</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">fi</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>/</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">attachment</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">asp</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>?/</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">path</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>=1,439.3739.7557.3840438405.38418</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Web</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">(2009). « </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Educational</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Technology</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Standards</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">and</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Performance</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Indicators</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">for</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">All</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Teachers</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>», </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">Available</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">At</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">http</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>://</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">cents</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">iste</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">org</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>/</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">ncate</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>/</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">n</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>_</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">found</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">html</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></strong></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><strong><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">- </span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">http</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>://</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;">www</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-YE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 88%; mso-hansi-font-family: WinSoftPro-Medium;"><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; 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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">شهدت السنوات القليلة الماضية طفرة كبيرة في ظهور المستحدثات التكنولوجية Technological Advancements المرتبطة بالتعليم ، ولقد تأثرت كل عناصر الموقف التعليمي بهذه المستحدثات ، فتغير دور المعلم من ناقل للمعرفة إلى مسهل لعملية التعلم ، فهو يصمم بيئة التعلم ويشخص مستويات طلابه ويصف لهم ما يناسبهم من المواد التعليمية ويتابع تقدمهم ويرشدهم ويوجههم حتى تتحقق الأهداف المطلوبة ، كما تغير دور المتعلم نتيجة ظهور المستحدثات التكنولوجية ، فلم يعد متلقياً سلبياً ، بل أصبح نشطاً إيجابياً ، وأصبح التعلم متمركزاً حول المتعلم لا حول المعلم . </span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ولقد تأثرت المناهج الدراسية أيضاً بظهور المستحدثات التكنولوجية ، وشمل هذا التأثير أهداف هذه المناهج ومحتواها وأنشطتها وطرق عرضها وتقديمها وأساليب تقويمها ، ولقد أصبح إكساب الطلاب مهارات التعلم الذاتي وغرس حب المعرفة وتحصيلها في عصر الانفجار المعرفي من الأهداف الرئيسة للمنهج الدراسي (علي عبد المنعم، 1997 : 222).</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">إن توظيف المستحدثات التكنولوجية في برامج إعداد المعلم قد أصبح مطلباً ملحاً له ما يبرره من شواهد وأسانيد عند اعتبار طبيعة العصر الذي نعيش فيه من ناحية ، وعند اعتبار متطلبات تربية العصر من جهة أخرى ، فقد وضعت المستحدثات التكنولوجية بصمات واضحة على منظومة التعليم بعامة ، وعلى برنامج إعداد المعلم بخاصة باعتبارها قوة يصعب إيقافها ، تؤثر بالسلب أو الإيجاب في كل جانب من جوانب العملية التعليمية ( علي عبد المنعم وآخرون ، 2002: 730 ) .</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ويأتي توظيف ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني E-Portfolio في العملية التعليمية كمستحدث تكنولوجي ، فهو يعد أداة تقويمية موضوعية وفاعلة يمكن الاعتماد عليها في تقويم أداء المعلم وفقاً لمعايير دولية ومحلية بدلاً من الطرق الذاتية التي كانت تتخذ حتى وقت قريب في تقويمه.</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ولقد ازدادت أهمية استخدام ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني في التعليم ازدياداً مطرداً في الميدان التربوي ، كونه يوثق الأداء التعليمي للمعلم ويشجعه على التفكير التأملي ، ويعزز النمو المهني لديه ، فهو يتيح الفرصة له للرجوع إلى ما مر به من خبرات ، وبالتالي يمده بالتغذية الراجعة.</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">إن أهم ما يميز ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني صفتان متلازمتان هما الانتقائية والتأمل ، فهو يتطلب من المعلم أن يكون انتقائياً في اختيار وثائقه مركزاً على النوع لا على الكم ، كما يتطلب منه تبني أسلوب التفكير التأملي الذي يعكس أرائه الخاصة فيما مر به من تجارب وخبرات كي يطور من أدائه ( قسطنطينو ولورينزو ، 2004 : 1 ).</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ويرى (Stone ,B,1998:106) أن كثيراً من الجامعات وكليات التربية والمدارس في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية تستخدم الملف الإلكتروني كأداة لتقويم التدريس ، حتى أنه أصبح عنصراً رئيسياً ضمن الخطوات التي تستخدمها الهيئة الدولية لمعايير مهنة التدريس </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS).</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">كما ترى المنظمة الأمريكية للتعليم العالي The American Association of Higher Education (AAHE) أن الملف الإلكتروني يستخدم كأداة لتحسين التدريس في كليات التربية والجامعات ، وأصبح شرطاً من شروط الحصول على رخصة لممارسة مهنة التدريس (Stone,B.:106).</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ويعد ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني كمستحدث تكنولوجي ، أحد الأساليب الحديثة المستخدمة في تقويم المعلم ، فهو يعتبر أداة تقويمية موضوعية فعالة بناءً على معايير محددة، وقد ازدادت أهميته في التعليم ، حيث يرى(Borko,H.,&etal,1997) أنه يعزز أداء المعلم ، وينمي لديه مهارات عدة منها مهارات التنظيم والعرض والتفكير، كما أنه يوثق أداءه ويتيح له الفرصة للرجوع إلى ما مر به من خبرات في مرحلة معينة، مما يجعله يحسن من أدائه . </span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ويرى كل من ( قسطنطينو ولورينزو،2004: 2-7) أن لملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني فوائد كثيرة منها أنه يعزز التقويم الذاتي والتفكير التأملي لدي المعلمين ، كما أنه يحقق الرضا الشخصي بل الابتهاج نتيجة الرضا عن مستواه،كما يعكس التجديد فعملية المراجعة المستمرة للملف تساعد على تحسين الأداء ،ويوفر ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني أيضاً أدوات لامتلاك القوة والتمكن المهني،فهو يشجع المعلمين على تحمل أكبر قدر من المسئولية ، ويجعلهم متمكنين من تعلمهم ونموهم المهني، كما يشجع على التعاون، حيث أنه يعطي الفرصة للمعلم للمشاركة في النقاش مع المتعلمين ويمدهم بالتغذية المرتدة، ويوفر الدليل والبرهان على كيفية الأداء وتطوره.</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">وتنبع أهميته ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني أيضاً من أنه يوثق أداء المعلم الأكاديمي ، مما يتيح الفرصة له لتحسين أدائه ويعدل فيه، كما يرى (Winsoor,P.&etal,1999) أن ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني من الممكن أن يساعد المعلم على تنمية الخبرات الشخصية لديه.</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ولإعداد ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني ، لابد من أن يكون لدي المعلم مجموعة من المهارات التي تساعده في ذلك ، وهذا ما تدعوا إليه العديد من الهيئات العالمية التي تهتم بإعداد المعلم قبل الخدمة ، وذلك بوضع العديد من المعايير التي لابد من أن يكتسبها المعلم قبل التحاقه بمهنة التدريس ومنها اكتساب مهارات استخدام الكمبيوتر والإنترنت ، بل أنها أصبحت شرطاً لممارسة مهنة التدريس ، ومن هذه الهيئات المجلس القومي لاعتماد برامج إعداد المعلمين National Council of Accreditation for Teacher Education (NCATE) ، والمنظمة الدولية للتقنيات في التعليم International Society for Technology in Education(ISTE) . ( إيمان محمد الغزو،2004: 3-5)و(Internet,2004). </span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ويحدد كل من ( Dietz,M.&Wolf,K.,1998:13) أنواع الملف الإلكتروني في ثلاثة أنواع هي : ملف للتعليم ويستخدم في تشجيع المتعلم على التعلم وتعزيز التفكير التأملي لديه،وملف للتوظيف وهو يعطي بيانات ومعلومات عن الفرد عندما يتقدم لشغل وظيفة ما ، وأخيراً ملف للتقويم ويستخدم لتقويم المتعلم في مقرر ما أو مجموعة من المقررات.</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">تعريف ملف الإنجاز الإلكترونيE-Portfolio</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">تعددت التعريفات الخاصة بالملف الإلكتروني، فيعرفه (Bird,1990) بأنه" مجموعة منظمة من الوثائق التي تقدم الدليل والبرهان على كفاية المتعلم في الجوانب المعرفية والاتجاهات والمهارات الداخلة في إطار فن التعليم".</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">أما (Evans,1995:11) فيعرفه بأنه "مجموعة من الأفكار المختارة والمنظمة بدقة والأهداف والإنجازات المحاطة بالتفكير التأملي والتقويم الذاتي ".</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">وينظر(Stone,A.;1998:105) للملف على أنه عبارة عن " تجميع لأفضل أعمال المتعلم وإنجازاته على مر الوقت وعبر سياقات متنوعة".</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ويعرفه كل من ( Mary,D.Wolf,K.:1998:13) بأنه" تجميع لمعلومات تدور حول ممارسة المعلمين، وهذه المعلومات تتمثل في توصيف المقرر ( خطة الدراسة )، الاختبارات وأساليب التقويم ، نماذج من أعمال الطلبة، صور للحياة داخل الفصل الدراسي، الفلسفة والأهداف، خطابات توصية وشهادات والأشياء المفضلة لدي المعلم".</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">وأورد (Tarnowski,s.,1998:17) تعريفاً للملف حيث يرى أنه " أداة لتقويم الذات ، وتقويم برامج التربية لطلبة البكالوريوس والدراسات العليا ، كما أنه أداة تعكس النمو ونقاط القوة وقدرات التنظيم والإبداع في تطبيق المعرفة لدى المتعلم".</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">أما المنظمة الدولية للتربية (National Educational Association,1999) فتعرفه على أنه " سجل للتعليم يركز على أعمال الطلاب وتأملاتهم الفكرية عن أعمالهم ويتم تجميع محتواه من قبل الطلاب والمعلمين معاً، مشيراً إلى التقدم نحو النتائج الجوهرية والأساسية للتعلم"( Morgan,B.;1999: 416).</span></strong><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">يعرفه كل من ( 90-92: Fenwick,t.;Parsons,j.,1999) بأنه " ملف لتجميع عينات من أعمال المتعلم جمعها عبر فترات زمنية متتابعة ، وتعكس هذه العينات محتوى بعض ما درسه ، وحلول لمشكلات ، ومقالات ، وتعيينات منزلية وشرائط فيديو وتقارير عن الأحداث الجارية ، والمشروعات ، اختبارات وتمارين فضلها المتعلم وتقارير عن منجزات المتعلم التي تم تقييمها من قبل النظراء ، وجميع الأعمال التي تثبت مدى تعلم المتعلم ".</span></strong></div><strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: large;">وتعرفه ( نادية بكار،ومنيرة البسام،2001: 147) على أنه " حقيبة تحفظ أداء المتعلم بهدف إبراز أعماله ومنجزاته التي تشير إلى مدى نموه الطبيعي والاجتماعي والنفسي والأكاديمي والمهاري والإبداعي والثقافي ، وأيضاً إبراز الحوافز المادية والمعنوية التي منحت له من قبل المدرسة أو أي جهة أخرى ، وكذلك نتائج الاختبارات والمقالات والأبحاث والمشاريع التي قام بها ، بالإضافة إلى تعليقات الزملاء والمعلمين والآباء . ويتم تجميع هذه المنجزات من قبل المتعلم بمعاونة الزملاء والمعلمين والآباء ، كما يتم تصنيف هذه المنجزات بحيث يبرز مدى التقدم في فترات زمنية متتابعة ، وتستخدم كأداة لقياس أداء المتعلم ، ويحصل على نسبة معينة من تقديراته على ما أنجزه في البورتفوليو الخاص به ، وينتقل مع المتعلم كلما ارتقى في السلم التعليمي ، بحيث يجدد عاماً بعد الآخر".</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ويرى كل من ( قسطنطينو ولورينزو،2004: 60) أن الملف الإلكتروني عبارة عن " انتقاء متأن لمجموعة من الوثائق النموذجية تركز على أفضل أعمال المتعلم وإنجازاته ، ويختلف عن الملف الورقي في كونه يعتمد على طريقة الوسائط المتعددة التي تسمح للمتعلم بعرض وثائق عمليتي التعليم والتعلم ، ووثائق التفكير التأملي في أشكال مختلفة ( صوتية ، فيديو ، بياني ونصي ) ، ويستخدم فواصل إلكترونية Links بدلاً من الفواصل الورقية ، وينشر على شبكة الإنترنت أو على أسطوانة مدمجة CD".</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ويعرف بأنه " أفضل فكرة لجمع الأعمال المرتبطة بالتدريس من فلسفة وأهداف ووثائق ترتبط بالمتعلم "(Internet,2004) .</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">بينما يرى (June,A.,2004) بأنه" تجميع لأفضل أعمال المتعلم خلال مراحل دراسته".</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">بمراجعة التعريفات السابقة للملف الإلكتروني، يستخلص منها أنه:</span></strong><br />
<strong></strong><strong><span style="font-size: large;">- مجموعة من الوثائق التي تدل على مدى تقدم المتعلم في الجوانب المختلفة.</span></strong><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- ملف لحفظ أفضل أعمال المتعلم وإنجازاته على مر الوقت.</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- أداة لتقويم الذات من قبل المتعلم.</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- يعكس قدرة المتعلم على التنظيم والترتيب والإبداع .</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- يرتبط بالتفكير التأملي ( أي يعكس المتعلم من خلاله أفكاره وآرائه فيما يشبه صحيفة التفكر).</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- يوجد ملف للمتعلم وآخر للمعلم ولكل وظيفة.</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">- </span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">وبناء عليه، فإنه يمكن تعريف ملف الطالب الإلكتروني من وجهة نظر كاتب المقال ، على أنه " سجل أو حافظة لتجميع أفضل الأعمال المميزة للطالب من دروس ومحاضرات ومشاريع وتمارين ، في مقرر دراسي ما أو مجموعة من المقررات الدراسية ، وتختلف مكونات الملف من طالب لآخر حسب فلسفته التربوية في تنظيم الملف ، ويعتمد في عرض هذه الأعمال على الوسائط المتعددة من صوت ونص ومقاطع فيديو وصور ثابتة ورسوم بيانية وعروض تقديمية ، ويتم التنقل بين مكونات الملف باستخدام وصلات إلكترونية Links ، ويمكن نشره على شبكة الإنترنت أو على أسطوانات مدمجة CDs " .</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">أنواع ملفات الإنجاز الإلكترونية:</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ملفات إنجاز المعلم قبل الخدمة:</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• ملف القبول. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• ملف العمل. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• ملف التخرج. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• ملف المقابلة. </span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">ملفات إنجاز المعلم أثناء الخدمة:</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• ملف العمل. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• ملف العرض. </span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">فوائد استخدام ملف الإنجاز:</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• تعزيز التقويم الذاتي والتفكير التأملي. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• تحقيق الرضا الشخصي وتعكس التجديد. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• توفير أدوات امتلاك القوة والتمكن المهني. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• توفير متطلبات المنحنى التكاملي في التقويم. </span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">مكونات ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني بالنسبة للمعلم:</span></strong><br />
<strong><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">تختلف مكونات ملف الإنجاز الإلكتروني باختلاف الهدف منه، ولكنه بشكل عام يتكون من:</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• بيانات صاحب الملف. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• الفلسفة التربوية. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• نماذج من أعمال صاحب الملف. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• نماذج من أعمال الطلاب. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• نتائج الطلاب. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• صحيفة التفكر. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• خدمة المجتمع. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• خطة التنمية المهنية. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• الجهد العلمي. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">• الأدوار والمسئوليات المهنية. </span></strong></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-70644419071701873972010-05-30T13:56:00.000-07:002010-05-30T13:56:24.186-07:00منهج مونتيسوري التعليمي<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div class="RK_G" id="ArticleMSize1_HL01" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>منهج مونتيسوري التعليمي</b></span></div></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">بقلم : <a class="kateb" href="http://www.almarefh.net/show_content_sub.php?ID=250&rwit=K"> لمياء صالح الجربوع</a></span><span class="R_T" dir="rtl" style="font-size: x-small;"> 2010-04-06 22 /4 /1431 </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><img align="left" height="119" hspace="5" src="http://www.almarefh.net/img/592dsc_0229.jpg" width="180" /></b></span><div class="RK_SG" id="ArticleMSize1_HL01"><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: AXtManalBLack; line-height: 120%;">منهج المونتيسوري ماهو إلا مدخل لنصل بالمتعلم إلى أعلى مراتب التأمل في مخلوقات الله، ومساعدته على مراقبة الطبيعة من حوله وشكر الله على نعمه التي لا تحصى... فمن خلاله يكبر الطفل وهو على وعي كاف بنفسه وبالآخرين من حوله, فيحسن تقدير هذه النعم ويجتهد ليبذل المزيد من أجل خالقه سبحانه وتعالى. </span></b></span></div><div> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: AXtManalBLack; line-height: 120%;">تكون القاعات الدراسية فيه مقسمة إلى مناطق وفي كل منطقة حياة مختلفة للطفل, في مجملها تحتوي على مبادئ التعلم الأساسية: الملاحظة، الذاتية، والتجربة والخطأ، مع مراعاة حقوق الآخرين.</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span> </span>هذا المنهج يركز على ذات الطفل وقدرته على التكيف مع البيئة من حوله أكثر من تركيزه على كم المعلومات التي يختزنها في عقله الباطن رغم ما يحتويه منهج المونتيسوري من تفصيلات دقيقة قد لا نتوقع أن يعيها الطفل، وفي الحقيقة هو يفهمها ويختزلها في عقله حتى يستفيد منها عندما يحين الوقت المناسب لذلك، فالطفل كالزهرة ينمو ببطء, وبقدر العناية والاهتمام الذي يحصل عليه بقدر جمال الزهرة والتي تتضح معالمها عليه في سلوكه وأدائه. </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">فليس مهمًا في منهج المونتيسوري أن يثقل كاهل الطفل أو المتعلم بالواجبات المنزلية، بل الأهم أن يعرف كيف يؤدي واجبه بحب وبإقبال شديد بداخل المدرسة، ولكي نجعل المنزل مكانًا للتواصل الاجتماعي مع الآخرين من حوله، يجتهد العاملون بهذا المنهج لأن يصنعوا للمتعلم عالمًا يحبه كثيرًا, ويمده بخيارات تساعده على الحوار والمناقشة والاكتشاف والاستنتاج بناءً على رغباته وميوله بالإضافة إلى تعميق أواصر المحبة بينه وبين عائلته, فالأسرة هي أساس نجاحه وهم المحرك الإيجابي في حياته. </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">ولكي نُخرج نشئًا نفخر به نحتاج إلى معلم متفان ومتفهم وصبور تجاه مهنته وذي أهداف سامية، لديه القدرة على خلق جو من الهدوء والاسترخاء ليساعد الطفل على التعلم السريع والممتع </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">منذ كنا صغارًا ونحن نحلم بمستقبل أفضل من واقعنا، ونرسم خطط أطفال بعيدة كل البعد عن مناهجنا، فقد كان هناك فصل واضح بين المنهج الدراسي والواقع والمثالية المفترضة في المدرسة، فكأن ما درسناه لا نعمل به إن عملنا إلا في المدرسة.... هذا ناهيك أنه لدينا نفس الكتب، ونفس الطريقة في التعليم، وقد نصل كلنا إلى نفس المستوى في الظاهر، فشهادة تخرجنا واحدة إلا أن النتائج تختلف... واختلاف النتائج كان له سبب واحد تعارفنا عليه وهو أن كمية المعلومات التي حفظناها متفاوتة، وذلك يرجع لنسبة اجتهادنا في الحفظ...! وما هذه سوى اعتقادات خاطئة.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">فالتعليم يرتكز على ثلاث ركائز أساسية: (الطالب، المنهج، المعلم) إلا أن المنهج يعد من أهم الركائز التي سيبنى عليه القواعد الأساسية في شخصية الطالب. ومن الصعب جدًا توحيد المناهج حسب الفئة العمرية لاختلاف فهم الطلاب وحاجاتهم وميولهم.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">وتعد الست سنوات الأولى من عمر الطفل هي أساس تكوين شخصيته وميوله وتوجهاته المستقبلية، فإذا لم يحسن المربي احتواءه بشكل جيد ومناسب فإنه سينتج لنا طفلًا بلا شخصية أو متزعزع المبادئ وبلا كيان يفتقد الثقة بالنفس والقدرة على اتخاذ القرار، لا يستطيع تحمل المسؤولية. </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">لذا فإن «ماريا مونتيسوري» صممت منهجًا يضمن للطفل حصوله على قاعدة ثابتة وأساس متين يرتكز عليه في المستقبل.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">منهج «المونتيسوري» </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Montessori</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">method</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> هو منهج يبحث عن جوانب القوة في كل طفل لينميها ويرتقي بها، كما يكتشف جوانب الضعف لديه فيعالجها بوسائل حسية تربوية مدروسة يطبق بشكل فردي حسب ميول وقدرات كل طفل، ليس هذا فحسب بل إن هذا المنهج يركز على الأخلاق كمدخل أساسي للتعليم، فما فائدة الأخلاق إذا حفظناها ورددناها دون ممارستها بشكل حسي حتى تصبح جزءًا من شخصية الطفل فينمو وهو يشعر بتوازن اجتماعي وديني دون تزعزع، وقد حرصت «ماريا مونتيسوري» على تحقيق ذلك بشتى الطرق، فهناك تمارين خاصة دقيقة يمارسها الأطفال بشكل روتيني مثل الاستئذان عند مراقبة الطفل لزميله، الاستئذان لمشاركته العمل، التحدث بصوت منخفض، العمل بحدود السجادة الخاصة بالعمل دون التعدي عن حدودها كمثال حي لاحترام حقوق الآخرين بشكل حسي ملموس، هذا بالإضافة لقوانين وضعتها «مونتيسوري» في الفصل يعمل بها الأطفال جميعهم مع المعلمة، لتعزيز العمل الجماعي ونشر الوعي بأهمية الاحترام المتبادل بينهم.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; line-height: 120%;">ماريا مونتيسوري</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span> </span>ولدت ماريا في إيطاليا سنة 1870م في مدينة شيارافال </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Chiaravalle</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> لأسرة محافظة، لا تحبذ اختلاط النساء بالرجال في الأعمال المهنية، دخلت كلية الطب بجامعة روما </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">University</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">of</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Rome</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> وخالفت التقاليد، وتخصصت فيما بعد في دراسة أمراض الأطفال وخصوصًا المعاقين منهم. تخرجت عام 1894م وعملت في التدريس في جامعة روما فاهتمت بالأنثروبولوجيا </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">anthropology</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> وطرائق التعليم </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">pedagogy</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>، كما عملت طبيبة مساعدة في مستشفى الأمراض العقلية مما جذبها إلى دراسة الأطفال أصحاب المصاعب العقلية، ونجحت في تأسيس مدرسة ترعى ضعاف العقول، واكتشفت أن لهم قابلية للتعلم الجيد. لاحظت لاحقًا أن الطرق التقليدية في التدريس من أهم أسباب التأخر الدراسي عند الأطفال.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">نجحت «ماريا مونتيسوري» في أربعين سنة بنشر منهجها وعصارة تجاربها ،في العديد من الدول التي أعجبت بمنهجها وسارعت بتطبيقه في مدارسها قدر استطاعتها، وأشرفت على تأسيس برامج إعداد وتدريب المعلمين، وخلال هذه الفترة ترجمت كتبها إلى جميع اللغات العالمية الهامة.. كانت محاضراتها في دول فقيرة وغنية، فحاضرت في أوروبا وأمريكا وفي الهند وسري لانكا وأسبانيا ثم استقرت ماريا في هولندا حيث توفيت سنة 1952م.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">فلسفة تعليم المونتيسوري تؤمن بأن التعليم يجب أن يكون فعالاً وداعمًا وموجها لطبيعة الطفل وحاجاته، كما أن طبيعة الطفل ليست بناءً نظريًا بل يقوم على أساس ملاحظة «ماريا مونتيسوري» لتفاصيل الطفل.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; line-height: 120%;">فصول / غرف االمنتسوري</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">لفصل الواحد يضم أطفالاً تتراوح أعمارهم بين سن 3 إلى 6 سنوات ليتعلم الأطفال التعامل مع من هم أصغر منهم سنًا فنحيي بذلك التعاون والأخوة بينهم، فلابد للفصل أن يكون معدًا خصيصًا لاحتواء هؤلاء الأطفال كأسرة واحدة متعاونة تسودها الألفة والمحبة، لذا أصبح من المهم أن نغير مسمى الفصل فيصبح «غرفة» ليشعر الطفل بالحميميّة والتقارب مع معلمته وأصدقائه في الفصل، لذلك لابد من تهيئة البيئة بشكل متكامل لتتيح للطفل كافة فرص التعلم الذاتي كما سمّته «ماريا منتسوري» التي نجحت في تجريب وسائلها على الأطفال المعاقين كما سبق أن ذكرت مما دفعها إلى تطوير وسائلها وتقنينها بشكل كبير في رفع إنتاجية الأطفال العاديين واكتشاف قدراتهم بشكل مذهل، إذ يعتمد المنهج على قاعدة الخصوصية المطلقة والفروق الفردية، فالفصل ليس مكانًا نجبر على الجلوس فيه فقط لتلقي المعلومات دون ممارستها بشكل حي، فممارسة كل ما يتلقاه الأطفال يضفي على التعليم متعة وإثارة لا مثيل لها أبدًا. فالفصل الدراسي أو الغرفة الدراسية هو مكان الطفل الخاص الذي يتعلم فيه ولابد أن يهتم به وبنظافته وترتيبه وكأنه مدينته الفاضلة التي يحرص كل من فيه أن تبقى نقية نزيهة طالما هو منبع العلوم والمعرفة بالنسبة لهم بدءًا بالمعلم وهو القدوة لممارسة الأخلاق حتى أصغر فرد فيه.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; line-height: 120%;">وسائل المونتيسوري </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">كل الوسائل في فصول المونتيسوري مبتكرة وجيدة تثير انتباه الطفل ودافعيته للتعلم والبحث والاكتشاف بشكل محبب ومناسب لسن الأطفال المتفاوت. </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">فهي وسائل صممت خصيصًا وبشكل دقيق جدًا يمكن للمعلم من خلالها أن يلاحظ قدرات الطفل بشكل جيد وواضح، فيمكنه تحديد الطفل المميز والطفل الذي يعاني من مشكلات أيًا كان نوع المشكلة بسيطة أو صعبة.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">وكل وسيلة من هذه الوسائل تخدم هدفًا مستقلاً لكنه تابع لهدف يسبقه فيكمله لضمان تتابع تطور نمو الطفل بشكل سليم وجيد.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; line-height: 120%;">الغرف الدراسية مقسمة إلى مناطق: </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">1- منطقة الحياة العملية<span> </span></span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Practical</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Life</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"> وهي منطقة قريبة جدًا من بيئة المنزل يتعلم الطفل فيها عدة مهارات نفتقد تعليمها للطفل في مناهجنا الحالية، على سبيل المثال لا الحصر: يتعلم الطفل الحمل بشتى مراحله: حمل الصينية وحمل الصينية مع مجسم من زجاج.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">يتعلم الطفل أيضًا في هذه المنطقة كافة استخدامات الورق من قص وطي وتخريم وتدبيس.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">كما يتعلم الطفل عدة مهارات مثل عصر البرتقال، تلميع الزجاج، تلميع الأحذية، تلميع الفضيات، العناية بالنبات، إعداد المائدة.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"> وكل المهارات يتعلمها الطفل بتسلسل دقيق تُدرّب عليه المعلمة مسبقًا.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">2- منطقة الحواس </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Sensorial</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: وهي منطقة تحتوي على كافة الوسائل والتمارين التي تساهم في تطوير وإثراء حواس الطفل الخمس ويتعداها إلى مرحلة الإبداع في استخدام حواسه، على سبيل المثال: يقوم الطفل بعمليات التصنيف والمقارنة بين الكبير والصغير، الطويل والقصير، السميك والرفيع. يتعلم الطفل الفرق بين المر والمالح، الحلو...الخ، والفرق بين مختلف الروائح، كذلك يصنف الطفل بين مختلف الأصوات الصوت الحاد والناعم وغيره، كما يتعدى كل ذلك ليتعلم الأشكال الهندسية وتصنيفاتها وكيف أنه يمكنه صنع أشكال هندسية كبيرة من أشكال هندسية أصغر، ويمكنه كذلك الإبداع في تصميم الأشكال الهندسية.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">3- منطقة الحساب<span> </span></span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Mathematics</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: يتعلم فيها الطفل الأرقام والقيام بالعمليات الحسابية البسيطة والصعبة بدءًا بالجمع والطرح والضرب والقسمة حتى الكسور. وكل ذلك بطريقة ممتعة وشيقة، ففي منطقة الحساب يوجد البنك الذي تعود فيه الطفل على عملية صرف الأرقام من كبيرة إلى صغير وتوزيعها على الوحدات العددية (آحاد، عشرات، مئات، ألوف). </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">4- منطقة اللغة<span> </span></span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Language</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: منطقة جميلة جدًا يتعلم الطفل فيها صوت الحرف وليس اسمه لسبب بسيط هو أنه يتعلم الحرف ليقرأ الكلمة وليس للتعريف به. وبمجرد تعلم الطفل لعدد بسيط من الأحرف يمكنه صنع كلمات بسيطة ثم كلمات أكبر... وهكذا حتى يصبح الطفل قادرًا على كتابة الكلمات وقراءتها وإملائها ومن ثم ننتقل معه بعد ذلك إلى أنواع الكلمة: اسم، فعل، صفة، حرف، بطريقة ممتعة وباستخدام مجسمات خاصة بكل فئة ويمارس ذلك عن طريق عدة تمارين.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">5- منطقة الثقافة </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Culture</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: تهتم هذه المنطقة بكل ما يثري ثقافة الطفل ويساهم في جعله طفلًا مطّلعًا مستقلًا باستطاعته المناقشة والإدلاء بمعلوماته المتنوعة، ونتحدث في هذه المنطقة بصفة عامة عن العلوم والجغرافيا:</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">العلوم </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Science</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: على سبيل المثال: الحي وغير الحي، والحواس الخمس، وأجزاء جسم الإنسان، وأجزاء جسم الحيوانات المختلفة، بالإضافة لأنواعها والتجارب العلمية المختلفة. </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">الجغرافيا: </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 120%;">Geography</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>: على سبيل المثال: أجزاء اليابس والماء، الكرة الأرضية، القارات، الدول، الأعلام.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">هذه مجمل المناطق الرئيسة الواجب توفرها في فصول المونتيسوري. وللطفل حرية الحركة في المناطق واختيار المنطقة التي يرغب العمل بها بشرط أن يكون قد عرف بالضبط طريقة العمل منذ البداية حتى النهاية لتضمن المعلمة استقلالية الطفل ومصداقية التقييم. </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; line-height: 120%;">من أقول «ماريا مونتيسوري» </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">«يجب أن تهتم التربية بالمثيرات الغنية التي تؤدي إلى إشباع خبرة الطفل، إذ إن الطفل يمر بلحظات نفسية يكون استعداده العقلي فيها لتقبل المعلومات قويًا فإذا نحن تركنا هذه اللحظات تمر هباءً فمن العبث أن نحاول إعادتها إذ يكون الوقت المناسب قد مضى».</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; line-height: 120%;">تفريد التعليم</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">من الجميل جدًا أن نضفي على طريقة «ماريا مونتيسوري» العالمية ما يميزنا كمسلمين، فالإسلام ثري جدًا بكل ما يضفي على المنهج التعليمي سمة مميزة، فنستغل كل ما يتعلمه الطفل ليتعرف على الخالق سبحانه وتعالى وقدرته وآياته من حولنا. فالدين هو الأساس الروحي الذي لابد أن ينطلق منه الطفل ليشعر بالأمان والاستقرار النفسي والتوازن. وكما سبق أن ذكر فإن الطفل يتعلم كل هذا بشكل فردي وبخطة تُعد له مسبقًا حسب قدراته الفردية.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">الهدف الأساسي من التعليم الفردي أن يشعر كل طفل بأهميته، وبأن له وقتًا مخصصًا له وحده، ليس هذا فحسب فكما له حقوق عليه واجبات ومهام توكل للأطفال يوميًا للعناية بالغرف التعليمية، فهناك من ينظف الطاولات وهناك من يقومون بالكنس والمسح وهناك المسئول عن ترتيب الكراسي، وهناك من يعتني بالنباتات والحيوانات إن وجدت بالغرف. هذه المهام لها دور كبير ليشعر الأطفال بقيمتهم كأفراد عاملين ووجودهم يعني التغيير للأفضل. هكذا نستطيع أن ننشئ جيلاً عاملاً يقدر المسؤولية ويشعر بقيمة العمل وأهميته بالإضافة لمناسبة المنهج لكل فرد، فلا وجود للتلقين إذ لا فائدة من الترديد إذا لم يُمارس برغبة وإقبال من الطالب ....فتخيلوا معي لو أن «منهج المونتيسوري» استمر مع هذا الطفل حتى يصل إلى مرحلة الثانوية العامة كيف سيصبح جيلنا ؟! </span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="line-height: 120%;">وما هو حجم التغيير الذي سنحدثه في هذا الجيل؟! </span></span></b></span></div></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-16873037904978562602010-05-30T13:43:00.001-07:002010-05-30T13:46:53.346-07:00أشهر خمسة «اتجاهات» جديدة في التعليم الأمريكي<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div class="RK_G" id="ArticleMSize1_HL01"><span style="font-size: large;"> أ</span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>شهر خمسة «اتجاهات» جديدة في التعليم الأمريكي </b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;">بقلم : <a class="kateb" href="http://www.almarefh.net/show_content_sub.php?ID=262&rwit=K"> جودي مولاند</a></span><span class="R_T" dir="rtl" style="font-size: large;"> 2010-05-24 10 /6 /1431 </span><span style="font-size: large;"> <img align="left" height="269" hspace="5" src="http://www.almarefh.net/img/619jd3.jpg" width="180" /></span><div class="RK_SG" id="ArticleMSize1_HL01"><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-YE" style="font-family: AXtManalBLack; line-height: 120%;">توجهات جديدة في التعليم ومراحله المختلفة من الروضة إلى الجامعة، من خلال تطور سريع يصعب حصر جوانبه. وفي هذه المقالة نستعرض أهم خمسة اتجاهات جديدة رصدناها من خلال الصحف ووسائل الأعلام الأخرى.</span></span></div><div> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;"><span> </span>الـتأجيل العلمي</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span> </span></span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Academic</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Redshirting</span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">هل خططت لتأخير ابنك أو بنتك سنة عن سن دخول الروضة لتوفر ما يسمى بالحد العلمي الأدنى لدخول الفصول التنافسية الحديثة؟ يؤجل كثير من أولياء الأمور دخول أبنائهم الروضة إلى أن يكونوا أكبر من السن النظامي لدخول هذه المرحلة، ومثل هذا السلوك له مصطلح تربوي يسمى (التقمص الأكاديمي الأحمر) أو التأجيل العلمي (</span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Academic</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Redshirting</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>).</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">وحسب تقارير وزارة التربية الأمريكية لعام 2000م، فإن 9% من الطلاب والطالبات المسجلين الجدد في السنة الأولى والثانية من مرحلة الروضة متأخرون سنة كاملة عن العمر النظامي لهاتين السنتين من مرحلة الروضة، ويؤكد الخبراء أن هذا الاتجاه في تزايد مستمر إلى الآن لدرجة وصول فارق العمر بين طلاب الفصل الواحد في مراحل ما فوق الروضة إلى 16 شهرًا مما قد يكون تحدياً يواجهه المعلمون نتيجة المشكلات التي يسببها الطلاب الكبار لمن هم أصغر سناً منهم داخل الفصل الواحد.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">واتجاه تأخير الأطفال عن سن الروضة، أو تكرار دراسة مرحلة الروضة، تسبب فيه تصعيد المعايير في السنة الثالثة من هذه المرحلة وما فوقها من أجل تحسين أداء الطلاب في الاختبارات القياسية. وقد تسبب التأكيد على اختبارات الأداء، كما لاحظ التربويون، في تزايد منتظم للمطالب العلمية من أعلى مراحل التعليم إلى مرحلة الروضة.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">وقداختار بعض أولياء الأمور تأجيل دخول أبنائهم الروضة سنة كاملة رغم بلوغهم السن النظامية، مع أنه لا يوجد ما يثبت علميًا أن هذه فكرة جيدة. حيث أظهرت دراسة، قام بها المعهد الوطني للتعليم المبكر عام 2002م، أنه لا توجد فروق بين مستويات الطلاب الذين تأخروا عن دخول المدرسة وبين الطلاب الذين دخلوها وفقاً للسن النظامية لكل مرحلة.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">اللقاءات يقودها الطلاب</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span> </span></span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Student</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-</span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Led</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Conferences</span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">«دعونا نبدأ»، قالت «نتالي» ابنة التسع سنوات وهي تشير لأمها التي تجلس على كرسي طلاب الصف الثالث الابتدائي الصغير، حيث تقود نقاشًا بينها وبين أمها وبين معلمتها. ومثل هذا المشهد يتكرر بزيادة مضطردة في عدد من ولايات الدولة، فبدلاً من دعوة أولياء الأمور للقاءات في غرف المعلمين، رتب المعلمون للقاءات أطول عبر مؤتمرات يقودها الطلاب. وفي استطلاع قامت به جامعة ولاية أيوا شمل 1500 مدرسة عام 2001 م، وجد أن 24% من طلاب الصف الخامس يقودون لقاءات. وفي أحدث دراسة عن أنجح 98 مدرسة متوسطة وجد 40% منها تحول نحو جعل الطلاب يشرحون طرق تعلمهم. </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">وكل من المعلمين وأولياء الأمور يتحدثون عن مزايا اللقاءات التي يقودها الطلاب مقابل تلك التي يقودها المعلمون، فأم «نتالي» مثلاً، تقول: «إن<span> </span>ابنتي كانت فخورة جدًا وهي تشرح لي عملية قراءتها أمام معلمتها». ويرى المعلمون أنهم أصبحوا قادرين على أخذ فكرة حقيقية عن كل طالب. بل إنهم يرون أن اللقاءات أجبرتهم على الجلوس لمقابلة كل طالب لمعرفة نواحي الضعف والقوة لديه.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">دمج المرحلة المتوسطة مع المرحلة الابتدائية في مرحلة تعليم أساسي مدته 8 سنوات: </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">K</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-</span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">8 </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Schools</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Replacing</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Middle</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Schools</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>:</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">على مستوى الولايات المتحدة، أخذ عدد من المدارس بالتخلي عن المرحلتين التقليديتين الابتدائية والمتوسطة<span> </span>من خلال دمجهما في مرحلة<span> </span>واحدة مدتها 8 سنوات(</span></span><span class="Story"><span dir="ltr" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">K</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span>-8</span></span><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">). سنسناتي، ميلويكي، نيو أورلينز، وفلاديلفيا أول الولايات التي تحولت إلى هذا الاتجاه في التعليم خلال العقد الحالي، وانضمت إليها مؤخراً مدارس ولايتي بوسطن، وسانت أنتونيو.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;"><span> </span>ويرى كثير من المربين أن دمج مرحلتي الابتدائية والمتوسطة في مرحلة واحدة يجعل انتقال الطلاب أسهل. حيث إنهم يعرف الأنظمة والتوقعات، كما يعرفون أساتذتهم وزملاءهم ومواقع فصولهم. كما أن هذا الاتجاه يميل لأن يكون أقل مشكلات أخلاقية من المرحلة المتوسطة المنفصلة، كما أنه يتضمن فعالية أكثر لأولياء الأمور. ورغم وجود كثير من المناصرين لهذا الاتجاه، فإن كثيرًا من المراقبين يرون أن بقاء الطالب هذه المدة الطويلة في مكان واحد قد يسبب صعوبات له عند انتقاله للمرحلة الثانوية ربما يصل إلى نفوره منها. كما أن أولياء أمور الطلاب الصغار في الصفوف الدنيا من هذه المرحلة، يخشون على أبنائهم من المراهقين في الصفوف العليا الذين يدرسون معهم بنفس الفناء. المنظمة الوطنية للمدرسة المتوسطة ليست ضد هذا الاتجاه، ولكنها لا ترى أنه الحل السريع لمشكلات المنهج في المرحلة المتوسطة الذي يعاني من تدني المستوى التحصيلي للطلاب فيه.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">لاب توب لكل طالب</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span> </span></span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Laptops</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">for</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">All</span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">لا غرابة أن نجد أن جميع مدارس أمريكا اتصلت<span> </span>بخدمة الإنترنت<span> </span>بحلول خريف عام 2003م بنسبة وصلت 100% مقارنة بـ 35% فقط عام 1995م. كما أن معدل عدد الطلاب بالنسبة لعدد الحاسبات التعليمية المتصلة بالإنترنت ارتفع في المدارس الحكومية من جهاز كمبيوتر واحد لـكل 12 طالب (12:1) في عام 1998 م إلى (4:1) جهاز كمبيوتر لكل أربعة طلاب في عام 2003 م. لكن ماذا عن ثورة الأجهزة المحمولة؟ فرغم أن عددًا قليلًا من الولايات لديها برامج خاصة لإدخال الأجهزة المحمولة والتقنيات اليدوية في مدارسها، إلا أن نسبة الطلاب المستخدمين لهذه الأجهزة في تصاعد مستمر. حاليًا، ولايتا ميتشجان ونيو مكسيكو فقط هما اللتان قامتا برعاية توفير الأجهزة المحمولة لطلاب مدارسهما، لكن المعلومات التجارية<span> </span>في مجال التعليم تظهر زيادة منتظمة للمدارس التي توفر لاب توب لكل طالب من طلابها عبر الولايات المتحدة.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">في العام الدراسي 2003/2004م كان ما نسبته 13.3% من الحاسبات التعليمية هي<span> </span>حاسبات محمولة مقارنة 12.4% للعام الذي سبقه. وفي نفس السنة نجد أن 8% من المدارس أعارت الطلاب حاسبات محمولة لفترات تراوحت بين أسبوع إلى كامل العام الدراسي. بينما خططت 6% من المدارس لتوفير الأجهزة المحمولة<span> </span>لطلابها على<span> </span>سبيل الاستعارة في العام القادم.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">إطالة اليوم الدراسي</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span> </span></span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Lengthening</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">the</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">School</span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span dir="ltr" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;">Day</span></span><span class="BOLDSTORY"><span lang="AR-YE" style="color: #891100; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 120%;"></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">هل اليوم الدراسي يزيد؟ هذا يعتمد على أين أنت أو في أي ولاية أنت؟!<span> </span>عدد من مدارس لوس أنجلوس زادت وقت يومها وعامها الدراسي من أجل مساعدة المعرضين للخطر من طلابها. وتقدم المدارس برامج إثرائية للطلاب تمتد إلى الساعة السادسة مساء. وفي ميامي نجد أن المفوضية العليا للتعليم حددت 39 مدرسة <span> </span>كانت تقارير أداء طلابها منخفضة ليقضي الطلاب فيها ساعات إضافية في 4 أيام من الأسبوع الدراسي وتم زيادة العام الدراسي 10 أيام عن المدارس الأخرى. </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Story"><span lang="AR-YE" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 120%;">في المناطق الأخرى من الولايات المتحدة، تعمل الفصول الدراسية في جميع أيام الأسبوع ما عدا يوم الجمعة. أما المناطق الريفية في 12 ولاية فإن المدارس تجرب خفض عدد أيام الأسبوع الدراسي للحد من تكاليف أشياء مثل النقل والتدفئة.</span></span></span></div></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-90718751468165115312010-05-19T04:28:00.000-07:002010-05-19T04:28:46.523-07:00معايير اعتماد المعلم الجامعى ـ الهيئة القومية لضمان الجودة<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div id="newsStoryHeader"> <h2> معايير اعتماد المعلم الجامعى.. 13 معياراً فى التعليم والبحث العلمى وخدمة المجتمع والجوانب الإدارية.. و71 مؤشراً لتحديد كفاءة أعضاء هيئة التدريس</h2></div><div id="newsStoryContent"><div id="newsStoryTxt"><div style="padding-right: 13px;"> <!-- sport advertise --> <script>
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</script> <!-- end sport advertise --></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>معايير الممارسة الأكاديمية للمعلم الجامعى الذى أعدته "الهيئة القومية لضمان الجودة والاعتماد"، رغبة فى تحسين الأداء التعليمى لأساتذة الجامعات، باعتبار أنه يمثل أهم عناصر منظومة التعليم العالى، لأنه المنوط به القيام بأهم أدوارها "التعليم والبحث العلمى وخدمة المجتمع".<br />
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وحددت الهيئة، 13 معيارا تعد إطارا مرجعيا للمارسة الأكاديمية للمعلم الجامعى، موزعة ضمن 4 مجالات يؤديها المعلم، وهى "التعليم، والبحث العلمى، وخدمة المجتمع، والجوانب الإدارية والتنمية المهنية"، وتتضمن هذه المعايير 71 مؤشرا على ضوئها يتم تحديد مدى جودة وكفاءة أساتذة الجامعات.<br />
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وتعنى هذه المعايير فى حال موافقة الجامعات على اعتمادها قيام "هيئة الجودة" بمراجعة ومراقبة جودة عمل أساتذة الجامعات، من خلال زيارات ميدانية، لضمان تطبيق هذه المعايير، وهو ما ينذر بصدام وشيك مع الأساتذة فى حال التزام الجامعات بهذه المعايير.<br />
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ولم تتطرق "المعايير المقترحة للممارسة الأكاديمية للمعلم الجامعى"، إلى الوضع المالى لأعضاء هيئة التدريس، ولا إلى التجهيزات داخل هذه الجامعات.<br />
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ففى مجال التعليم، حددت "ضمان الجودة" 8 معايير رأت ضرورة أن يتقنها الأستاذ الجامعى، وهى "تمكن المعلم الجامعى من المحتوى العلمى لمجال تخصصه، والتخطيط الجيد لعملية التعليم، وتمكنه من طرق ومهارات التعليم المختلفة، وإدارة الموقف التعليمى، وعملية التقويم، وتمكنه من تخطيط وإدارة البرامج التعليمية وتطويرها، تمكن المعلم الجامعى من مهارات ووسائل دعم الطلاب الأكاديمى والاجتماعى والمشاركة بفاعلية فى أنشطتها".<br />
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ففى المعيار الأول، "تمكن المعلم الجامعى من المحتوى العلمى لمجال تخصصه"، وضعت الهيئة 5 مؤشرات يمكن من خلالها الاستدلال على قدرة الأستاذ الجامعى على تمكنه من هذا المعيار، وهى "أن يتقن محتويات ومهارات تخصصه المختلفة، وأن يربط بين أجزاء محتوى التخصص بسهولة، ويتعامل مع المادة العلمية بأساليب مختلفة وفقا لطبيعة الموقف والمتعلمين، ويربط بين المجالات المختلفة فى مجال تخصصه والتخصصات الأخرى، ويتمكن من جوانب التعليم المختلفة المرتبطة بمجال التخصص".<br />
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أما المعيار الثانى، " فتمكن المعلم الجامعى من التخطيط الجيد لعملية التعليم"، فيتضمن 6 مؤشرات هى أن يخطط الأستاذ الجامعى لمواقف التعليم المختلفة، ويصمم خطة تعليمية فى ضوء احتياجات الطلاب، ويضع خططا طويلة الأجل لعمليات التعليم والتعلم المختلفة، ويضع خططا قصيرة الأجل لأنشطة التعليم والتعلم، ويخطط لاستخدام إستراتيجيات تعليم متنوعة، ويطور خططه فى ضوء متغيرات الإمكانيات البشرية والمادية والثقافية المتاحة".<br />
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بينما يتضمن المعيار الثالث " تمكن المعلم الجامعى من طرق التعليم المختلفة، 3 مؤشرات تدل على إتقان الأستاذ الجامعى هى أن يحدد طرق التعليم المناسبة لتخصصه وطلابه، وأن يوظف طرق التعليم المختلفة طبقا لطبيعة الموقف التعليمى، وأن يعدل إستراتيجيات وطرق التعليم والتعلم فى ضوء التغذية الراجحة". <br />
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أما المعيار الرابع "فتمكن المعلم الجامعى من مهارات التعليم المختلفة"، فيحدد 5 مؤشرات هى أن يثير الأستاذ الجامعى اهتمامات المتعلمين بالتعلم بجميع الوسائل الممكنة، وأن ينوع فى استخدام الوسائل التعليمية المناسبة للموقف التعليمى، وأن يوظف مصادر التعلم المختلفة تبعا للمواقف التعليمية، وأن يوظف الأنشطة التعليمية بكفاءة وفاعلية، ويستخدم تكنولوجيا التعليم فى الأنشطة التعليمية المختلفة كلما أمكن".<br />
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وفى المعيار الخامس وهو "تمكن المعلم الجامعى من مهارات التعامل مع الطلاب وإدارة الموقف التعليمى" 5 مؤشرات هى أن يتعامل الأستاذ الجامعى مع الطلاب على اختلاف أنماط تعلمهم وسمات شخصياتهم، ويثير الدوافع والحماس للتعلم لدى الطلاب، ويتعامل مع ديناميكية الجماعة بفاعلية، ويدير الوقت المتاح للتعلم بما يحقق فعاليته".<br />
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بينما يحدد المعيار السادس "تمكن المعلم الجامعى من مهارات عملية التقويم"، 6 مؤشرات هى أن يستخدم أساليب وأدوات متنوعة للتقويم، وأن تتناسب مع مخرجات التعلم المختلفة، وأن يوجه الطلاب نحو استخدام التقويم الذاتى، ويقدم مراجعة للطلاب بناءا على نتائج التقييم المستمر، يستخدم أساليب إثرائية لتحسين أداء المتعلمين، ويحدد مواطن القوة والضعف فى العملية التعليمية".<br />
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أما المعيار السابع فهو "تمكن المعلم الجامعى من تخطيط وإدارة البرامج التعليمية وتطويرها"، فتحدد ضمان الجودة 4 مؤشرات هى أن يكون لدى الأستاذ الجامعى مهارات تصميم البرامج والمقررات والوحدات الدراسية، وأن يطبق مفاهيم جودة التعليم فى هذه البرامج والمقررات، ويطبق الإجراءات والأساليب المختلفة لتقييم البرامج التعليمية، ويساهم فى وضع خطط التحسين المستمر والتعزيز بالقسم والمؤسسة.<br />
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فى حين يحدد المعيار الثامن "تمكن المعلم الجامعى من مهارات ووسائل دعم الطلاب الأكاديمى والاجتماعى ومشاركته بفاعلية فى أنشطتها" 5 مؤشرات هى أن يمتلك الأستاذ الجامعى مهارات الإرشاد الأكاديمى للطلاب، ويساهم فى الريادة الطلابية بكليته وجامعته، وفى دعم الأنشطة الطلابية فنيا وإداريا، ويشجع الطلاب على الاشتراك فى الأنشطة الطلابية والأسر المختلفة". <br />
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وفى مجال البحث العلمى تحدد "ضمان الجودة" 8 مؤشرات للأستاذ الجامعى هى: أن يعد وينفذ أبحاثا علمية مبتكرة فى مجال تخصصه، ويحلل وينقد مصادر البحث المختلفة، ويستخدم نتائج أبحاثه فى تطوير العملية التعليمية، ويشترك فى المؤتمرات والندوات فى مجال تخصصه، ويلتزم بآداب المهنة وأخلاقيات البحث العلمى، ويمتلك مهارات كتابة تقارير البحوث العلمية، يستطيع أن يدير أو أن يعمل فى فريق بحثى، وينشر أبحاثه فى الدوريات المتخصصة على المستويين المحلى والدولى".<br />
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وفى المجال الثالث "خدمة المجتمع" حددت الهيئة معيارين لجودة أداء الأستاذ الجامعى الأول هو "مساهمته فى تطوير البيئة المحلية والمجتمع"، ويتضمن 5 مؤشرات هى: أن يقدم أفكارا عملية لتطوير البيئة المحلية، والمجتمع، ويساهم فى المشروعات الاجتماعية، وحل مشكلات البيئة، وأن يشارك فى برامج وأنشطة تنمية المجتمع المحلى.<br />
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أما المعيار الثانى وهو "التزام المعلم الجامعى بالقيم والأعراف الاجتماعية والدينية والجامعية"، فيحدد 4 مؤشرات هى أن يلتزم الأستاذ الجامعى بالقيم السائدة فى المجتمع أثناء عمله، ويحترم الأعراف الاجتماعية فى كل أنشطته، والقوانين واللوائح الجامعية، وأن يقدم القدوة لطلابه وأفراد المجتمع فى كل سلوكياته، وأن يقدم الدعم اللازم للطلاب.<br />
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أما بالنسبة للمجال الرابع "والجوانب الإدارية والتنمية المهنية"، فحددت الهيئة معيارين، أولهما "إلمام أستاذ الجامعة بمهارات الإدارة والقيادة الناجحة"، 7 مؤشرات هى: أن يلم الأستاذ الجامعى بالمهارات الإدارية، وأن يضع الخطط المناسبة للمواقف المختلفة، وينفذ جيدا ما تم تخطيطه، ويمتلك مهارات المتابعة والتقييم، وأن يستطيع أن يصوغ رؤية واضحة لعمله، وأن يكون قادرا على تحديد أهدافه، وأن يساهم فى عمليات التطوير للمؤسسة والمجتمع. <br />
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أما المعيار الثانى فهو"تحمل المعلم الجامعى لمسئوليات التنمية المهنية"، فيحدد 8 مؤشرات للأستاذ الجامعى، هى أن يمتلك مهارات التقييم الذاتى، ويحدد نقاط القوة والضعف فى أدائه الجامعى بمجالاته الثلاث، ويحدد أولويات نموه المهنى، ويطور معارفه ومهاراته التخصصية والتربوية، وأن يتابع الندوات والمحاضرات ويشارك فى الدورات التدريبية والمؤتمرات العلمية، ويشترك فى تخطيط وتنفيذ البرامج التدريبية، وأن يلتزم بأخلاقيات المهنة فى العمل الجامعى والاجتماعى.</b></span></div></div></div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-47659832602188597602010-04-18T10:48:00.001-07:002010-05-30T13:46:53.353-07:00<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><br />
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</div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-77534727111812238052010-04-18T10:12:00.000-07:002010-04-18T10:12:00.029-07:00نموذج التعلم التوليدي<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> نموذج التعلم التوليدي كتطبيق لنظرية فيجوتسكي وهي نظرية التطور الإجتماعي وهو أحد البنائيين</span></span></b></span></div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">يعكس نموذج التعلم التوليدي رؤية فيجوتسكي للتعلم ويتكون من أربع مراحل أو أطوار تعليمية وهي : </span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">1- <span style="color: magenta;">الطور التمهيدي:Preliminary </span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">وفيها يمهد المعلم للدرس من خلال المناقشة الحوارية وإثارة الأسئلة ويستجيب الطلاب إما بالإجابة اللفظية أو الكتابة في دفاترهم اليومية فاللغة بين المعلم والطلاب تصبح أداة نفسية للتفكير والتحدث والعمل والرؤية وفي هذه المرحلة تتضح المفاهيم اليومية التي لدى المعلمين من خلال اللغة والكتابة والعمل ومحورها التفكير الفردي للطلاب تجاه المفهوم.</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">2- <span style="color: magenta;">الطور التركيزي (البؤرة)Focus </span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">وفيها يوجه المعلم الطلاب للعمل في مجموعات صغيرة فيصل بين المعرفة اليومية والمعرفة المستهدفة, ويركز عمل الطلاب على المفاهيم المستهدفة مع تقديم المصطلحات العلمية وإتاحة الفرصة للمفاوضة والحوار بين المجموعات, فيمر الطلاب بخبرة المفهوم.</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">3- <span style="color: magenta;">الطور المتعارض (التحدي) Challenge</span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> في هذا الطور يقود المعلم مناقشة الفصل بالكامل مع إتاحة الفرصة للطلاب للمساهمة بملاحظاتهم وفهمهم ورؤية أنشطة الفصل بالكامل ومساعدتهم بالدعائم التعليمية المناسبة, ع إعادة تقديم المصطلحات العلمية, والتحدي بين ما كان يعرفه المعلم في الطور التمهيدي وما عرفه أثناء التعلم.</span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">4- <span style="color: magenta;">طور التطبيق Application</span> </span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">وتستخدم المفاهيم العلمية كأدوات وظيفية لحل المشكلات وإيجاد نتائج وتطبيقات في مواقف حياتية جديدة كما تساعد على توسيع نطاق المفهوم </span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">التعلم التوليدي</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">التعلم التوليدي نظرية تتضمن التكامل النشط للأفكار الجديدة مع اسكيمات المتعلم الموجودة وتنقسم استراتيجيات التعلم التوليدي إلى أربع عناصر ويمكن أن تستعمل كل إستراتيجية على حدة او ترتبط إحداها بالأخرى لنيل هدف التعلم وهي :</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">1- <span style="color: darkorchid;">الاستدعاء Recall</span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> يتضمن الاستدعاء سحب المعلومات من الذاكرة طويلة المدى للمتعلم والهدف من الاستدعاء أن يتعلم المتعلم معلومات تستند على الحقيقة, ويتضمن الاستدعاء تقنيات مثل التكرار , التدريب, الممارسة,المراجعة وأساليب تقوية الذاكرة.</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">2- <span style="color: darkorchid;">التكامل Integration</span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> يتضمن التكامل مكاملة المتعلم للمعرفة الجديدة بالعلم المسبق ,وهدف التكامل هو تحويل المعلومات إلى شكل يسهل تذكره, وطرق التكامل تتضمن إعادة الصياغة (خلاصة في صيغة قصصية) ,التلخيص (يعيد رواية المحتوى ويشرحه بدقة),توليد الأسئلة وتوليد المتناظرات .</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">3- <span style="color: darkorchid;">التنظيم Organization</span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">يتضمن التنظيم ربط المتعلم بين العلم المسبق والأفكار الجديدة في طرق ذات مغزى ويتضمن تقنيات مثل تحليل الأفكار الرئيسية,التخليص,التصنيف,التجميع وخرائط المفاهيم.</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">4<span style="color: darkorchid;">- </span><span style="color: darkorchid;">الإسهابElaboration</span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> ويتضمن الإسهاب اتصال المادة الجديدة بالمعلومات أو الأفكار في عقل المتعلم,ويهدف الإسهاب إلى إضافة الأفكار إلي المعلومات الجديدة,وتتضمن طرق الإسهاب توليد الصور العقلية وإسهاب جمل.</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">إن بناء المعرفة يعتمد على المعالجة العقلية النشطة للتصورات ويؤدي على الفهم الذي ينتج من المعالجة التوليدية,وتتضمن المعالجة التوليدية الربط بين المعلومات الجديدة والعلم المسبق لبناء تراكيب معرفية أكثر اتقانا , وهي ضرورية لترجمة المعلومات الجديدة وحل المشكلات ويتصف التعلم التوليدي بعمق مستوى المعالجة للمعلومات. وفي الحقيقة فإن المادة يتم تذكرها بشكل أفضل في حالة التعلم التوليدي من قبل المتعلم بدلا من تقديمها مجردة للمتعلم.</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ومن خواص التعلم التوليدي أن المتعلمون يشاركون بشكل نشط في عملية التعلم ويولدون المعرفة بتشكيل الارتباطات العقلية بين المفاهيم فعندما يحلل الطلاب مادة جديدة يدمجون الأفكار الجديدة بالعلم المسبق وعندما تتطابق هذه المعلومات يتم بناء علاقات وتراكيب عقلية جديدة لديهم.</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> ويوجد نوعين من النشاطات التوليدية هي: </span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">1- النشاطات التي تولد العلاقات التنظيمية بين أجزاء المعلومات,أمثلة ذلك إبداع عناوين,أسئلة,أهداف, خلاصات,رسوم بيانية وأفكار رئيسية.</span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">2- النشاطات التي تولد العلاقات المتكاملة بين ما يسمعه أو يراه أو يقرأه المتعلم من معلومات جديدة والعلم المسبق للمتعلم,وأمثلة ذلك إعادة صياغة,تناظرات,استدلالات,تفسيرات وتطبيقات. والفرق بين النشاطين أن النشاط الثاني يعالج المحتوى التعليمي بشكل أعمق ويؤدي إلي مستوى عالي من الفهم.</span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">فالتعلم التوليدي عملية نشطة فهي عملية بناء صلات بين المعرفة القديمة أو كم من الأفكار الجديدة لاءمت نسيج المفاهيم المعروفة عند الفرد فجوهر نموذج التعلم التوليدي هو أن العقل أو الدماغ ليس مستهلك سلبي للمعلومات فبدلا من ذلك هو يبني تفسيراته الخاصة من المعلومات المخزنة لديه ويكون استدلالات منها.</span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ودور المعلم يكمن في مساعدة الطلاب في توليد الوصلات أو يساعدهم على الربط بين الأفكار الجديدة بعضها البعض بالعلم المسبق لديهم , فالعلم يدفع أو يوجه الطالب لإيجاد تلك الارتباطات فالتعليم ينتقل هنا من تجهيز المعلومات إلى تسهيل بناء نسيج المعرفة, وبهذه النظرة يتم التركيز على المتعلم في العملية التعليمية</span></span></b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"> </span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9221590851853719639.post-25980608365204994032010-04-13T23:02:00.000-07:002010-04-13T23:02:27.670-07:00الترفيه الرقمي والتقليدي في تعليم العلوم<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">الترفيه الرقمي والتقليدي في تعليم العلوم</span></b></div>المصدر د . علي حسن الأحمدي <br />
المعرفة العدد172<br />
2009-07-02 9 /7 /1430 � <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>«يكون الإنسان إنسانًا حين يمارس اللعب» </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>بهذه العبارة لخص أحد الفلاسفة نظرته للترفيه واللعب في حياة الإنسان، فهذه الأنشطة تعد غريزة طبيعية جبلت عليها النفس البشرية وميلًا فطريًا يخرج بها من تلك القيود المصطنعة التي تفرضها طبيعة الحياة، إلى مجال من الحرية والانطلاق تكسر بها تلك القيود. </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وفي التربية والتعليم أكدت عديد من الدراسات والبحوث التي تناولت الترفيه واللعب في عمليات التعلم والتعليم،أن الترفيه بشكل عام (واللعب كأحد مجالات الترفيه) يسهم بشكل كبير في تحسين عملية التعلم لدى الفرد، وفي زيادة تحصيله الدراسي،وتنمية ميوله واتجاهاته الإيجابية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ولعل من الخطأ الكبير النظر إلى عملية الترفيه في التربية نظرة دونية كما يرى البعض، بل يجب التعامل معها كجزء متمم للعملية التربوية لايقل أهمية عن الجوانب الأخرى المعرفية والمهارية، حيث تدخل عملية الترفيه هنا، ضمن إطار التربية غير المقصودة التي لها الأثر الكبير في نمو شخصية المتعلمين.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>من هنا فقد أصبحت طرق التعلم والتدريس الحديثة، تركز على استخدام الترفيه بصوره المتنوعة، سواء ما يتعلق منها باللعب أو الزيارات والرحلات العلمية أو ما يتعلق بإقامة المخيمات والمعسكرات والمسابقات أوغيرها من الأنشطة التي يعد الترفيه قاسمًا مشتركًا فيها.</strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>والعلوم الطبيعية كإحدى المجالات المعرفية والدراسية في المدرسة المعاصرة،تعد من أخصب المجالات، التي يمكن من خلالها استخدام الترفيه لتحقيق أهداف تعلمها وتعليمها، وذلك من خلال الأنشطة المتنوعة التي تتضمنها العلوم الطبيعية التي تتميز غالبيتها بكونها تنطلق من منطلقات ذات علاقة بالجانب الترفيهي، الأمر الذي له علاقة إيجابية بتنمية مهارات العلم لدى المتعلمين كالملاحظة والاستنتاج والقياس والتوقع والتفسير وغيرها،كما له علاقة إيجابية ببقاء أثر التعلم لديهم باعتبار أن التعلم يحدث هنا من خلال المشاركة بين فكر الطالب ويديه مما يجعله من أنجع أساليب التعلم على الإطلاق لموضوعات العلوم.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>والمقالة الحالية تحاول توضيح العلاقة بين تعليم العلوم ومجالات الترفيه المختلفة، سواء منها ما يتصف بطابع التقليدية كالرحلات والمعسكرات،أو ما تأثر بطبيعة العصر الرقمية كالمتاحف الافتراضية والألعاب التعليمية الإلكترونية، وكيفية الاستفادة من كل هذه النماذج في تعليم العلوم.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>لماذا الترفيه في تعليم العلوم؟</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ظاهرة العزوف عن دراسة العلوم وتطبيقاتها،في مراحل التعليم المختلفة، ظاهرة تكاد تكون عالمية كما تؤكد ذلك الدراسات والبحوث التي أجريت حول هذا الشأن، والتي وجدت أن من أبرز أسباب ذلك، النظرة إلى العلوم على أنها مجال يتسم بالصعوبة والتعقيد. ولذلك برزت دعوات كثيرة ترى ضرورة مساعدة المتعلمين لتغيير هذه النظرة وتشجيعهم على الاستمتاع بدراسة العلوم وتطبيقاتها المتنوعة، من خلال التركيز على نواحي الترفيه والاستمتاع الكثيرة، التي تتوفر في مجال العلوم.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>مجالات الترفيه في تعليم العلوم</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>هناك العديد من المجالات الترفيهية التي يمكن دمجها في تعليم العلوم، والاستفادة منها في تحقيق الأهداف التربوية لعملية تعليمها وتعلم موضوعاتها. وسوف يتم التركيز هنا على المجالات الأكثر ارتباطًا بالجانب الترفيهي، والمتوافقة مع تعليم مواد العلوم، بدرجة كبيرة، التي تنسجم مع مخروط الخبرة لادجار ديل حيث تترتب الخبرات التعلمية من قاعدة المخروط إلى القمة تصاعديًا، انطلاقا من الخبرات المحسوسة إلى الخبرات المجردة، وجميع تلك الخبرات يمكن تقديمها للمتعلمين في إطار ترفيهي، يحقق الغرض المنشود لدرس العلوم أو المادة التعليمية المرتبطة به.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وقد تم تصنيف مجالات الترفيه المرتبطة بتعليم العلوم، في هذه المقالة تحت مجالين رئيسيين:</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- مجالات الترفيه ذات الطابع التقليدي.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- مجالات الترفيه ذات الطابع الرقمي الإلكتروني.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>أولاً: مجالات الترفيه ذات الطابع التقليدي </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- الرحلات التعليمية: </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>تعرف الرحلات التعليمية بأنها نشاط علمي تعلّمي هادف ومخطط ومنظم يتم خارج جدران قاعة الصف وعلى أرض الواقع (زيارة مصانع، غابات، متاحف، مؤسسات تعليمية...إلخ) بقصد تحقيق خبرات تعليمية علمية محددة وفق غايات تربوية معينة.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وتعد الرحلات التعليمية، من أفضل أساليب التعلم الترفيهي للعلوم، خاصة إذا ما تم الإعداد لها من قبل الجهة المنظمة إعدادًا جيدًا، بحيث تتوافق أهدافها مع موضوعات منهج العلوم الذي يدرسه المتعلمون داخل قاعة الصف. حيث توفر هذه الرحلات خبرات حسية متنوعة للمتعلمين، يصعب توفيرها داخل الصف، من خلال المشاهدة والملاحظة الطبيعية في البيئة الواقعية،الأمر الذي يسهم في تنمية المهارات العلمية لديهم بدءًا بالملاحظة، والقياس والاستنتاج والتفسير والتصنيف وانتهاء بكتابة التقارير. كما تنمي لديهم مهارات التفكير الناقد والقدرة على المناقشة وطرح الأفكار،الأمر الذي يسهم في تنمية شخصياتهم وإعطائهم الثقة بأنفسهم، فضلًا عن غرس الاتجاهات والميول الإيجابية نحو العلوم.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ولعل أبرز ما يميز الرحلات التعليمية العلمية هو توفيرها بيئة اكتشاف جيدة للمتعلمين، من خلال قدرتها على إثارة وتناول مشكلات حقيقية، ومواجهة المتعلمين بها، وإتاحة الفرصة لهم لدراستها، والتوصل إلى الاستنتاجات المتعلقة بها، مما يترك أثرًا بعيدًا لعملية التعلم قد يكون له دور في تحديد المستقبل المهني لأي منهم.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>والرحلات التعليمية حتى تحقق الغاية المرجوة منها لابد من التخطيط الجيد والمسبق لها، وهذا التخطيط يشمل مرحلة ما قبل الرحلة من حيث أخذ الموافقات اللازمة، وإعداد البرنامج الزمني والعملي لمراحل الرحلة، وتحديد التكليفات المنوطة بكل فرد، إضافة إلى تجهيز الأدوات والمواد التي تتطلبها الرحلة. أما أثناء الرحلة فيتطلب الأمر هنا الإشراف على المتعلمين وتقسيمهم، وإثارتهم وتشجيعهم على الملاحظة لما يشاهدونه، وحثهم على التسجيل والدقة والمتابعة لجميع التفاصيل، تمهيدًا لإعداد وكتابة التقارير، وإجراء تقويم نهائي للرحلة للاستفادة منه مستقبلًا في الرحلات القادمة. </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>مقترحات لرحلات تعليمية مرتبطة بتعليم العلوم لمواقع داخل المملكة:</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- زيارة المدن الصناعية في الجبيل وينبع (مصافي تكرير، مصانع البترو كيماويات...إلخ). </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- زيارة مدينة الملك عبدالعزيز للعلوم والتقنية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- زيارة مركز الأمير سلطان بن عبد العزيز للعلوم والتقنية (سايتك) في الخبر.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- زيارة الأماكن الجيولوجية (منجم مهد الذهب، حرات المدينة، فوهات البراكين الخامدة...إلخ).</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- زيارة المناطق الطبيعية (المحميات الفطرية، الغابات...إلخ). </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- زيارة الكليات العلمية الجامعية في (جامعة الملك فهد، جامعة الملك سعود، جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز...إلخ). </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- زيارة حدائق الحيوان (توجد في الرياض وجدة والطائف). </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- المعسكرات:</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>المعسكرات عبارة عن أماكن ذات تنظيم معين وتجهيزات خاصة، تقوم بإنشائها وإعدادها مؤسسات حكومية أو أهلية (وتعقد في فصل الصيف غالبًا) من أجل تحقيق أهداف تربوية واجتماعية، تتمثل في إتاحة الفرصة للمشاركين في ممارسة أنشطة ترفيهية وتعليمية متنوعة تختلف عما يمارسونه داخل المدرسة في الأيام العادية. </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وتعد المعسكرات الترفيهية الطلابية، من بين الأدوات الناجحة في صقل شخصية الطالب وإخراجه من الأجواء الروتينية للدراسة والتعلم، وإدخاله في أجواء أكثر انفتاحًا وحركة وموهبة، تشحذ فيها الهمم، وتتقارب فيها الأفكار العلمية والتربوية من الأذهان، ويصبح للتعليم طعم آخر.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وثقافة المعسكرات الصيفية التي تقام في فصل الصيف، تعد بعدًا غائبًا في التربية العربية لم يلق الاهتمام الكافي حتى الآن، إذا ما قورن بواقعها في التربية الغربية التي يعد هذا النشاط فيها، أمرًا على درجة عالية من الأهمية، وجزءًا أساسيًا من العملية التربوية، لجميع المراحل والفئات الدراسية بدءًا من مرحلة رياض الأطفال وحتى المرحلة الجامعية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وكمثال على ذلك، يمكن من خلال زيارة موقع:www.smm.org/warnernaturecenter/camp</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>الاطلاع على أنماط متنوعة من المعسكرات التي تقام للطلاب، التي ينظمها مركز مينسوتا للعلوم في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، حسب مستوياتهم الدراسية وفئاتهم العمرية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>فطلاب رياض الأطفال والمرحلة الدراسية الأولى والثانية (Grad k,1,2) وضعت لهم برامج متنوعة مرتبطة بمنهج العلوم، في هذه المعسكرات القصيرة الأمد، وهذا نموذج لأحد هذه البرامج :</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>الفئة المستهدفة</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>المرحلة الدراسية (Grad k,1,2 ) </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>مدة المعسكر وتاريخه</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>3 -5 أيام ( 22ـ26 يونيو 2009 ) </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>التكلفة</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>140 دولارًا للأعضاء 150 دولارًا لغير الأعضاء ( الشخص الواحد) </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>عنوان برنامج المعسكر</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>اكتشاف عجائب الماء </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>المحتوى</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>اكتشاف نوع الحياة حول وفي البحيرات والبرك في موقع المعسكر، والبحث عن الضفادع والعلاجيم والسلاحف والحشرات، والقندس. ممارسة التجوال في الغابة، ممارسة الألعاب المختلفة والاستماع للقصص </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وهذا نموذج آخر لمعسكر للطلاب في المراحل الدراسية الثالثة والرابعة والخامسة (Grad3,4,5): </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>الفئة المستهدفة</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>المرحلة الدراسية (Grad 3,4 , 5 ) </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>مدة المعسكر وتاريخه</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>5 أيام ( 20 ـ24 يوليو 2009 ) </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>التكلفة</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>145 دولارًا للأعضاء 160 دولارًا لغير الأعضاء (الشخص الواحد) </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>عنوان برنامج المعسكر</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>دعونا نذهب لصيد الأسماك </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>المحتوى</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>يهدف هذا المعسكر إلى تعريف الطلاب بمهنة صيد الأسماك وإكسابهم مهارات صيدها، وإعطائهم نبذة عن علم بيئة الأسماك، والطرق الجديدة لصيد الأسماك في جو من المتعة والراحة مع توفير أقصى متطلبات الأمن والسلامة </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وهناك المزيد من هذه البرامج المتنوعة التي يمكن للراغبين في المشاركة فيها التسجيل عبر الدخول لموقع المركز وتعبئة نموذج التسجيل الموجود فيه. </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>إن مثل هذه التجارب الناجحة والهادفة، في هذه البلدان التي طبقت هذا النمط من الأنشطة منذ زمن بعيد، جديرة باتباعها والأخذ بها وتكييفها لتصبح مكونًا أساسيًا في نظامنا التربوي، ويجب أن يسود الاعتقاد لدينا هنا في المملكة بأنه قد آن الأوان لإيجاد وتفعيل نشاط المعسكرات، وفق عملية مخططة تراعي التكامل بينها وبين المناهج الدراسية، وتخرج بها من الصورة النمطية التي أصبحت مألوفة لدينا حول المعسكرات التي ارتبطت بشكل كبير بالمجال الكشفي والمجال التوعوي، واقتصاره على فئات معينة من المتعلمين، إلى صورة أوسع وأجمل يصبح فيها هذا النشاط متعدد المجالات (ديني،علمي، ثقافي، تقني، اجتماعي رياضي...إلخ) ويشمل الجميع. </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ثانيًا: مجالات الترفيه ذات الطابع الرقمي الإلكتروني.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- المتاحف الرقمية (الافتراضية) :</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>المتاحف الرقمية هي المتاحف التي تخزن مقتنياتها على شكل رقمي، بحيث يمكن الوصول إليها للمشاهدة والبحث والاسترجاع باستخدام تقنية المعلومات، وبحيث يمكن الدخول عليها من أي مكان وفي أي وقت ومن خلال شبكات الاتصال بمستوياتها المحلية والعالمية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وهناك المتاحف الرقمية التفاعلية التي تعرف بأنها مراكز تعليمية تفاعلية تتيح للمتعلم قدرًا كبيرًا من التفاعل مع المادة المعروضة، وذلك لفهم الحقائق العلمية وربطها بالتطبيق، معتمدًا على مبدأ تشجيع لمس المعروضات بحيث يقوم المتعلم بنفسه بالتعامل مع المعروضات وتكوين الخبرة الذاتية بالعمل اليدوي.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وظهور هذا النمط من المتاحف جاء كنتيجة للتقدم الهائل في تقنية المعلومات والاتصالات وتطور وسائل التصوير المجسم، إضافة الى التوسع الكبير في استخدام الشبكة العنكبوتية العالمية (الإنترنت). </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وقد أصبح هذا النمط من المتاحف عنصرًا رئيسيًا في مراكز العلوم التي بدأت تنتشر في العالم العربي وفي المملكة العربية السعودية، من خلال مواقعها على شبكة الإنترنت. ومن الأمثلة على هذا النمط من المتاحف الرقمية، متحف مركز سوزان مبارك الاستكشافي للعلوم في جمهورية مصر العربية، الذي يقدم جميع محتويات ومقتنيات المتحف على شبكة الإنترنت بحيث يتمكن أي شخص في العالم من الدخول إلى موقع المتحف والتجوال بداخلة لمشاهدة تلك المعروضات دون أي اعتبار للقيود المكانية أو الزمانية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وهنا في المملكة يعد مركز الأمير سلطان بن عبد العزيز للعلوم والتقنية (سايتك) خطوة مهمة في سبيل نشر الثقافة العلمية والتقنية، في المجتمع السعودي، وما نتوقعه من الجهة المشرفة على هذا المركز هو إنشاء متحف افتراضي على موقع المركز على الشبكة العنكبوتية، وهو الأمر الذي سيسهم في تحقيق أهداف هذا المركز على نطاق واسع يشمل جميع مناطق المملكة، بدلاً من حصره على منطقة واحدة كما هو الحال الآن.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وتتميز هذه المتاحف الرقمية (التفاعلية) بعدد من المميزات ذات الفائدة التربوية من خلال:</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- استثارة دافعية التعلم لدى الطلاب.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- التغلب على البعد الزماني والمكاني.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- تحقيق التعلم التفاعلي.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- تسهيل عملية التعلم.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- ربط المدرسة بالمجتمع.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- تقديم البرامج التعليمية لجميع فئات المتعلمين الأصحاء وذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ونقدم هنا أمثلة لمتاحف رقمية افتراضية يمكن زيارتها والاستفادة منها في تعليم العلوم:</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- مركز العلوم الاستكشافية في جمهورية مصر العربية www.Smsec.com</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- المتحف الوطني الماليزي للعلوم</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.psn.gov.my</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- متحف العلوم</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.sciencemuseum.org.uk</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- المتحف الحيوي التفاعلي</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.hhmi.org</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- متحف الكيمياء للحياة</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.chemforlife.org</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- متحف مينسوتا للعلوم</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.smm.org</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- متحف بوسطن للعلوم</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.mos.org</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- متحف ليوناردو التفاعلي للعلوم</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.ba.infn.it/~zito/museo/leonardo1en.html.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- المتحف الافتراضي الصيني للعلوم</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.kepu.net.cn/gb/index.html</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- متحف مركز انتاريو للعلوم</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>www.ontariosciencecentre.ca.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- متحف التاريخ الطبيعي (الديناصورات) http://paleobiology.si.edu/dinosaurs/index.html.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- الألعاب التعليمية الإلكترونية: </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>يقوم مبدأ استخدام الألعاب في عملية التعلم، على فكرة أن دمج التحصيل الدراسي مع التسلية يؤدي إلى توليد نوع من الإثارة والتشويق لدى المتعلم تسهم في تحسن اتجاهاته نحو عملية التعلم وتزيد من دافعيته ورغبته.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>واللعبة التعليمية تعرف بأنها نشاط تعليمي يتضمن تفاعلًا بين المتعلمين (متعاونين أو متنافسين) في محاولة تحقيق أهداف محددة وذلك في إطار القواعد الموضوعية المحددة.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وكنتيجة طبيعية للتقدم العلمي في مجال الحاسب الآلي خلال السنوات العشرين الماضية، تطورت الألعاب من خلال دمجها بالحاسب الآلي وبرز مصطلح الألعاب الإلكترونية أو الحاسوبية التي تعرف بأنها نشاط منظم ومقنن يتم اختياره لتوظيف أهداف محددة يتفاعل فيها المتعلم مع الحاسب الآلي ويمارس التفكير ويتخذ القرار السريع بنفسه ويتعلم الصبر والمثابرة والتوصل إلى النتائج المعززة. </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>أنماط الألعاب التعليمية</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>أ. النمط التنافسي: وهذا النمط يتم من خلال المسابقات والمباريات التعليمية بين متعلم وآخر أو مجموعة متعلمين ومجموعة أخرى أو بين متعلم وجهاز تعليمي كالحاسب الآلي. حيث يكون هناك فائز وخاسر.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ب. النمط العلمي الاستكشافي: حيث تهدف إلى تنمية الابتكار والإبداع والتفكير لدى المشاركين من خلال الألعاب الإلكترونية وألعاب الفيديو والكمبيوتر التعليمية التي تستعمل استراتيجيات ذكية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>وأغراض الألعاب الإلكترونية في تعليم العلوم متنوعة فقد تكون لاكتشاف متناقضات أو التعرف على الخاصية التي تعتمد عليها فكرة معينة، أوالتدريب على مهارات التخمين، أو لغرض تعلم مفاهيم أو مبادئ معينة أو لغرض تنمية التفكير المنطقي.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>المعايير الواجب توافرها في اللعبة التعليمية الإلكترونية</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>تتفق الأدبيات التربوية على أن اللعبة التعليمية حتى تكون عاملاً مساعدًا في عملية التعليم والتعلم، لابد أن تشتمل على عدد من المعايير ومن هذه المعايير: </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- أن تكون للعبة أهداف واضحة مرتبطة بالمنهج المدرسي.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- أن تكون تعليمات اللعبة مختصرة وواضحة ومحددة وسهلة التطبيق.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- أن تتخلل اللعبة مهارات وعمليات تدريبية وظيفية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- أن تشتمل اللعبة على عناصر الإثارة والتشويق والتعزيز لضمان استمرارية التعلم.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- أن تتضمن مستويات متدرجة من الصعوبة تناسب مستويات المتعلمين.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- أن يسهل ممارستها من قبل المتعلم في ضوء الإمكانات المتاحة.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ونعرض هنا لمجموعة من المواقع على شبكة الإنترنت التي توفر ألعابًا تعليمية ذات أهداف تربوية تتعلق بتعليم العلوم وغيرها من المواد الدراسية يمكن زيارتها والاستمتاع بلعبها ومن تلك المواقع : </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- موقع http://www.iknowthat.com</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>الذي يحتوي على الكثير من الألعاب التعليمية مصنفة بالمواد الدراسية.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- موقع »اكتشف هذا»</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>http://www.discoverthis.com.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- موقع ركن الألعاب والأنشطة التعليمية</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Games/educational/.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- موقع ألعاب وألغاز الفضاء</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/playspace/games.shtml.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- موقع ألعاب المخ</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>http://www.funbrain.com/kidscenter.html</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- موقع ألعاب علمية</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>http://www.primarygames.com/science.htm.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>- موقع نادي أطفال ناسا للألعاب</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forkids/kidsclub/flash/index.html.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>المراجع</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• الحلفاوي، وليد ( 2006). مستحدثات تكنولوجيا التعليم في عصر المعلوماتية. ط1. دار الفكر عمان.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• خطايبة، عبدالله (2005م). تعليم العلوم للجميع. ط1، دار المسيرة للنشر والتوزيع : عمان الأردن.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• خداج، هشام (2007). الرحلات المدرسية التوأمة بين الترفيه والإفادة التربوية. المجلة التربوية،ع 41، تشرين الأول (أكتوبر). وزارة التربية والتعليم،سوريا. </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• سليم، محمد صابر(2001م). «المدخل الجمالي في التربية العلمية».مجلة التربية العلمية، مج 4،عدد 4، ص ص 1ـ8.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• العبد المنعم، عادل (1430هـ). المعسكرات المدرسية الترفيهية تحفيز وتعزيز. موقع المسلم http://almoslim.net/node/83843. ( 6/6/2009م).</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• عريفج، سامي وسليمان،نايف ( 2005م). أساليب تدريس الرياضيات والعلوم. ط1، دار صفاء للنشر والتوزيع : عمان الأردن.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• ميلر، سوزانا ( 1987م). سيكولوجية اللعب. ترجمة : حسن عيسى. سلسلة عالم المعرفة، رقم الكتاب 120، سبتمبر. الكويت.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• لبيب، رشدي (1986م). معلم العلوم. ط2، مكتبة الإنجلو المصرية: القاهرة.</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>• مطاوع، ضياء الدين (1421هـ).فعالية الألعاب الكمبيوترية في تحصيل التلاميذ معسري القراءة (الدسلكسيين) لبعض مفاهيم العلوم بالمرحلة المتوسطة في المملكة العربية السعودية. رسالة الخليج العربي، العدد 77، مكتب التربية العربي لدول الخليج، الرياض.</strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div></div>د.مجدي رجب إسماعيلhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06546372373681822098noreply@blogger.com0